Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / radio reception
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Relaxation oscillations are understood as such oscillations that have a clearly identified non-sinusoidal shape. The sources of relaxation oscillations can be divided into two types. In sources of the first type (generators), non-sinusoidal oscillations are generated directly. The second type includes generators in which a sinusoidal voltage is converted into a non-sinusoidal voltage. The latter are also called generator-converters.
Non-sinusoidal oscillations are extremely widely used in modern radio circuits. They are most widely used in radar and television equipment, where they serve to scan time processes on the screen of a cathode ray tube. In addition, they are widely used in telemechanical systems to turn on and off individual circuits at various time intervals, in high-frequency pulse generators to control the sending of pulses, etc.
The essence of relaxation oscillations is easily explained by the following mechanical example. Let us have a vessel that is filled with water from a source of low power (Fig. 1a). The water level in the vessel slowly rises, and after a while T will reach a-a. At this moment, pipe B comes into action. Since its cross section is large, due to the siphon action of pipe B, the vessel will begin to quickly empty until the water level reaches the mark b-b. This will happen in a certain time interval t1, which is much less than the time of filling the vessel. After that, the vessel will begin to fill again, and the process will be repeated. On fig. 1b this process is shown graphically. The y-axis shows the height of the water level in the vessel, and the abscissa shows the time. The graph shows that during the time T the vessel is slowly filled, which corresponds to the section of the graph c-d. Then the water from the vessel quickly pours out, which corresponds to the section of the graph gd. The process is then repeated exactly.
Rice. 1. Hydraulic relaxation system
The process of relaxation oscillations can be similarly divided into two stages. In the first stage, energy is accumulated, and in the second, its return.
Our example refers to a non-linear system. In this case, the system is characterized by the fact that during the time T it is "locked" and does not give energy to the external circuit. Further, the system is "unlocked", and the energy is transferred to the external circuit.
Author: V.Z. Feigels
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