Section 7. Electrical equipment of special installations

Electrical installations in hazardous areas. Distribution devices, transformer and converter substations

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE)

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7.3.78. Switchgear up to 1 kV and above, transformer substations and switchgears with general-purpose electrical equipment (without explosion protection equipment) are prohibited to be built directly in explosive zones of any class. They must be located in separate rooms that meet the requirements of 7.3.79 - 7.3.86, or outside, outside hazardous areas.

Single columns and cabinets for controlling electric motors with devices and devices in the design provided for in Table. 7.3.11, it is allowed to install in explosive zones of any class. The number of such columns and cabinets is recommended to be limited if possible.

Outside hazardous areas, single devices, single columns and control cabinets should be used without means and explosion protection.

7.3.79. Transformers can be installed both inside the substation and outside the building in which the substation is located.

7.3.80. Switchgear, transformer substations (including KTP) and PP are allowed to be made adjacent to two or three walls to explosive zones with light combustible gases and flammable liquids of classes B-Ia and B-Ib and to explosive zones of classes B-II and B-IIa.

It is forbidden to adjoin them with more than one wall to an explosive zone of class B-I, as well as to explosive zones with heavy or liquefied combustible gases of classes B-Ia and B-Ib.

7.3.81. It is forbidden to place switchgear, transformer substations and switchgears directly above and below premises with explosive zones of any class (see also chapter 4.2).

7.3.82. The windows of switchgear, transformer substations and PP adjacent to the explosive zone are recommended to be made of glass blocks with a thickness of at least 10 cm.

7.3.83. Switchgear, transformer substation (including PTS) and PP, adjacent by one wall to the explosive zone, it is recommended to perform in the presence of explosive zones with light combustible gases and flammable liquids of classes B-I, B-Ia and B-Ib and in the presence of explosive zones of classes B -II and B-IIa.

7.3.84. Switchgear, transformer substations (including PTS) and substations feeding installations with heavy or liquefied combustible gases, as a rule, should be built separately, at a distance from the walls of the premises, which are adjacent to explosive zones of classes B-I and B-Ia, and from outdoor explosive installations according to table. 7.3.13.

If it is technically and economically unfeasible to construct stand-alone buildings for the switchgear, transformer substations and control points, it is allowed to construct switchgear, transformer substations and switchgear adjacent to the explosive zone with one wall. At the same time, in the switchgear, transformer substations and substations, the floor level, as well as the bottom of cable channels and pits, must be at least 0,15 m higher than the floor level of the adjacent room with an explosive zone and the surface of the surrounding earth. This requirement does not apply to oil pits under transformers . The requirements of 7.3.85 must also be met.

7.3.85. Switchgear, transformer substation (including KTP) and PP, adjacent by one or more walls to the explosive zone, must meet the following requirements:

1. The switchgear, transformer substation, and control room must have their own supply and exhaust ventilation system, independent of premises with explosive zones. The ventilation system must be designed in such a way that explosive mixtures do not penetrate through the ventilation openings in the switchgear, transformer substation and control room (for example, using the appropriate arrangement of devices for supply and exhaust systems).

2. In the switchgear, transformer substation and switchgear, adjacent by one wall to the explosive zone of class B-I, as well as to explosive zones with heavy or liquefied combustible gases of classes B-Ia and B-Ib, supply ventilation with mechanical stimulation with five times air exchange, per hour, providing a slight overpressure in the switchgear, TP and PP, excluding access to explosive mixtures.

Receiving devices for outdoor air must be located in places where the formation of explosive mixtures is excluded.

3. The walls of the switchgear, transformer substations and PP, which are adjacent to explosive zones, must be made of fireproof material and have a fire resistance of at least 0,75 hours, be dust and gas tight, have no doors and windows.

4. In the walls of the switchgear, transformer substations and control rooms, which are adjacent to explosive zones with light combustible gases and flammable liquids of classes B-Ia and B-Ib, as well as explosive zones of classes B-II and B-IIa, it is allowed to arrange openings for the entry of cables and pipes of electrical wiring in RU, TP and PP. Inlet openings must be tightly sealed with non-combustible materials.

The input of cables and pipes of electrical wiring into the switchgear, transformer substation and switchgear from explosive zones of class B-I and from explosive zones with heavy or liquefied combustible gases of classes B-Ia and B-Ib must be carried out through external walls or through adjacent walls of rooms without explosive zones.

5. Exits from the switchgear, TP and PP must be carried out in accordance with SNiP 21-01-97 "Fire safety of buildings and structures" of the Gosstroy of Russia.

6. Horizontal and vertical distances from the external doors and windows of the switchgear, transformer substation and PP to the external doors and windows of the premises located in explosive zones of classes B-I, B-Ia and B-II must be at least 4 m to non-opening windows and not less than 6 m to doors and opening windows. The distance to windows filled with glass blocks with a thickness of 10 cm or more is not standardized.

Table 7.3.13. The minimum allowable distance from stand-alone switchgear, transformer substations and switchgears to rooms with explosive zones and outdoor explosive installations^{1), 2), 3)}

1. The distances indicated in the table are considered from the walls of the premises, in which the explosive zone occupies the entire volume of the premises, from the walls of the tanks or from the most protruding parts of the external explosive installations to the walls of the closed and to the fences of the open switchgear, transformer substations and PP. Distances to underground tanks, as well as to the walls of the nearest rooms, to which an explosive zone adjoins, occupying an incomplete volume of the room, can be reduced by 50%.

2. For the rational use and saving of land, stand-alone switchgear, transformer substations and switchgears (for premises with explosive zones and outdoor explosive installations with light combustible gases and flammable liquids, with combustible dust or fibers) are allowed to be used as an exception, when according to the requirements of the technology it is not possible to use it is possible to use switchgear, TP and PP adjacent to the explosive zone.

3. Installations with liquefied ammonia should be classified as installations with light combustible gases and flammable liquids.

7.3.86. As a rule, transformers with non-combustible liquid cooling should be used in transformer substations and control rooms adjacent to the explosive zone with one or more walls. Oil-cooled transformers should be placed in separate chambers. The doors of the cells must have a fire resistance of at least 0,6 hours, the doors of the cells equipped with mechanically driven ventilation must have a seal of the porches; roll-out of transformers should be provided only outside.

Sealed transformers with a reinforced tank, without an expander, with closed inputs and output devices (for example, KTP and KPP transformers), cooled with non-flammable liquid and oil, can be placed in a common room with a switchgear up to 1 kV and higher, without separating the transformers from the switchgear with partitions.

The roll-out of transformers from the premises of the KTP and the checkpoint must be provided outside or into an adjacent room.

7.3.87. Distances from external explosive installations and walls of premises, to which explosive zones of all classes adjoin, with the exception of classes V-Ib and V-IIa, to stand-alone switchgear, transformer substations and PPs should be taken according to Table. 7.3.13. The distances from the walls of the premises, which are adjacent to explosive zones of classes V-Ib and V-IIa, to separate switchgears, transformer substations and PPs should be taken in accordance with SNiP II-89-80 * (ed. 1995) "General plans for industrial enterprises" of the Gosstroy of Russia, depending on the degree of fire resistance of buildings and structures.

7.3.88. In stand-alone switchgear, transformer substations and switchgear supplying electrical installations with heavy or liquefied combustible gases and located outside the distances indicated in Table. 7.3.13, it is not required to raise the floors and provide mechanically driven ventilation.

7.3.89. If the requirements of 7.3.84 and 7.3.85, paragraphs 2, 6 in the presence of heavy or liquefied combustible gases or 7.3.85, paragraph 6 in the presence of light combustible gases and flammable liquids are met for stand-alone RP, TP and PP, then such RP , TP and PP can be located at any distance from explosive installations, but not less than the distance specified in SNiP II-89-80 * (ed. 1995) (see also 7.3.87).

7.3.90. It is prohibited to lay pipelines with flammable and explosive, as well as with harmful and caustic substances through switchgear, transformer substations and substations.

7.3.91. The same requirements are imposed on the rooms of switchboards and control panels for instrumentation and automation, adjacent to the explosive zone by one or more walls or separately, as for similarly located switchgear rooms.

See other articles Section Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE).

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