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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Section 7. Electrical equipment of special installations Electrical installations of residential, public, administrative and household buildings. Wiring and cable lines
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE) 7.1.32. Internal wiring must be carried out taking into account the following: 1. Electrical installations of different organizations, separate administratively and economically, located in the same building, can be connected by branches to a common supply line or fed by separate lines from the ASU or main switchboard. 2. It is allowed to connect several risers to one line. On branches to each riser supplying apartments in residential buildings with more than 5 floors, a control device combined with a protection device should be installed. 3. In residential buildings, lamps in staircases, lobbies, halls, floor corridors and other indoor premises outside apartments must be powered via independent lines from the ASU or separate group panels powered from the ASU. Connecting these lamps to floor and apartment panels is not allowed. 4. For staircases and corridors with natural light, it is recommended to provide automatic control of electric lighting depending on the illumination created by natural light. 5. It is recommended to supply power to electrical installations of non-residential buildings using separate lines. 7.1.33. Supply networks from substations to VU, ASU, main switchboard must be protected from short-circuit currents. 7.1.34. In buildings, cables and wires with copper conductors should be used.1) Supply and distribution networks, as a rule, must be made of cables and wires with aluminum conductors if their design cross-section is 16 mm2 or more. The power supply of individual electrical receivers related to the engineering equipment of buildings (pumps, fans, heaters, air conditioning units, etc.) can be provided by wires or cables with aluminum conductors with a cross-section of at least 2,5 mm2. In museums, art galleries, and exhibition spaces, it is permitted to use lighting busbar trunking systems with a degree of protection IP20, in which the branch devices to the lamps have detachable contact connections located inside the busbar trunking box at the time of switching, and busbar trunking systems with a degree of protection IP44, in which the branching devices to the lamps are made with using plug connectors that ensure the branch circuit is broken until the plug is removed from the socket. In these premises, lighting busbars must be powered from distribution points by independent lines. In residential buildings, the cross-sections of copper conductors must correspond to the calculated values, but not be less than those indicated in Table 7.1.1. 1. Until 2001, according to the existing construction backlog, the use of wires and cables with aluminum conductors is allowed. Table 7.1.1. The smallest permissible cross-sections of cables and wires of electrical networks in residential buildings.
7.1.35. In residential buildings, laying vertical sections of the distribution network inside apartments is not allowed. It is prohibited to lay wires and cables from the floor panel in a common pipe, common box or channel that supply lines to different apartments. Fire-retardant installation in a common pipe, common box or channel of building structures made of non-combustible materials, wires and cables of apartment supply lines together with wires and cables of group lines of working lighting of staircases, floor-by-floor corridors and other indoor premises is allowed. 7.1.36. In all buildings, group network lines laid from group, floor and apartment panels to general lighting fixtures, plug sockets and stationary electrical receivers must be three-wire (phase - L, neutral working - N and neutral protective - PE conductors). Combining zero working and zero protective conductors of different group lines is not allowed. The neutral working and neutral protective conductors are not allowed to be connected on panels under a common contact terminal. The cross-sections of the conductors must meet the requirements of clause 7.1.45. 7.1.37. Electrical wiring in the premises should be replaced: hidden - in the channels of building structures, embedded pipes; open - in electrical skirting boards, boxes, etc. In technical floors, undergrounds, unheated basements, attics, ventilation chambers, damp and especially damp rooms, it is recommended that electrical wiring be carried out openly. In buildings with building structures made of non-combustible materials, permanent, monolithic installation of group networks is allowed in the grooves of walls, partitions, ceilings, under plaster, in the floor preparation layer or in the voids of building structures, carried out with cable or insulated wires in a protective sheath. The use of permanently embedded wiring in panels of walls, partitions and ceilings, made during their manufacture at construction industry factories or carried out in the mounting joints of panels during the installation of buildings, is not allowed. 7.1.38. Electrical networks laid behind impenetrable suspended ceilings and in partitions are considered as hidden electrical wiring and should be installed: behind ceilings and in the voids of partitions made of flammable materials in metal pipes with localization capabilities and in closed boxes; behind ceilings and in partitions made of non-combustible materials2) - in pipes and ducts made of non-flammable materials, as well as flame retardant cables. In this case, it must be possible to replace wires and cables. 2. Suspended ceilings made of non-combustible materials mean those ceilings that are made of non-combustible materials, while other building structures located above suspended ceilings, including interfloor ceilings, are also made of non-combustible materials. 7.1.39. In rooms for cooking and eating, with the exception of apartment kitchens, open laying of cables is allowed. Open wiring of wires in these rooms is not allowed. In apartment kitchens, the same types of electrical wiring can be used as in living rooms and corridors. 7.1.40. In saunas, bathrooms, toilets, showers, as a rule, hidden electrical wiring should be used. Open cable routing is allowed. In saunas, bathrooms, toilets, showers, laying wires with metal sheaths, in metal pipes and metal sleeves is not allowed. In saunas for zones 3 and 4 according to GOST R 50571.12-96 "Electrical installations of buildings. Part 7. Requirements for special electrical installations. Section 703. Premises containing sauna heaters" electrical wiring with a permissible insulation temperature of 170 must be usedoC. 7.1.41. Electrical wiring in attics must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of Section. 2. 7.1.42. Through the basements and technical undergrounds of sections of the building, it is allowed to lay power cables with a voltage of up to 1 kV, supplying electrical receivers of other sections of the building. The specified cables are not considered as transit; laying transit cables through basements and technical undergrounds of buildings is prohibited. 7.1.43. Open laying of transit cables and wires through storerooms and warehouses is not permitted. 7.1.44. The lines supplying refrigeration units of trade and public catering enterprises must be laid from the ASU or main switchboard of these enterprises. 7.1.45. The selection of conductor cross-sections should be carried out in accordance with the requirements of the relevant chapters of the PUE. Single-phase two- and three-wire lines, as well as three-phase four- and five-wire lines when supplying single-phase loads, must have a cross-section of zero working (N) conductors equal to the cross-section of phase conductors. Three-phase four- and five-wire lines when supplying three-phase symmetrical loads must have a cross-section of zero working (N) conductors equal to the cross-section of phase conductors, if the phase conductors have a cross-section of up to 16 mm2 for copper and 25 mm2 for aluminum, and for large cross-sections - at least 50 % cross-section of phase conductors. The cross-section of PEN conductors must be at least the cross-section of N conductors and at least 10 mm2 for copper and 16 mm2 for aluminum, regardless of the cross-section of the phase conductors. The cross-section of PE conductors must be equal to the cross-section of phase conductors with a cross-section of the latter up to 16 mm2, 16 mm2 with a cross-section of phase conductors from 16 to 35 mm2 and 50% of the cross-section of phase conductors with larger cross-sections. The cross-section of PE conductors not included in the cable must be at least 2,5 mm2 - if there is mechanical protection and 4 mm2 - if there is none.
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