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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Section 5. Electric power plants Generators and synchronous compensators. Excitation systems
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE) 5.2.35. The requirements given in 5.2.36 - 5.2.52 apply to stationary installations of excitation systems for turbo and hydro generators and synchronous compensators. 5.2.36. An excitation system is a set of equipment, devices and devices connected by appropriate circuits, which provides the necessary excitation of generators and synchronous compensators in normal and emergency modes, provided for by GOST and technical conditions. The excitation system of a generator (synchronous compensator) includes: an exciter (a DC generator, an AC generator or a transformer with a converter), an automatic excitation controller, switching equipment, measuring instruments, means of protecting the rotor from surges and protecting the equipment of the excitation system from damage. 5.2.37. Electrical equipment and equipment of excitation systems must comply with the requirements of GOST for synchronous generators and compensators and the technical specifications for this equipment and equipment. 5.2.38. Excitation systems in which the effective value of the operating voltage or prolonged overvoltage (for example, when forcing excitation) exceeds 1 kV, must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of these Rules for electrical installations above 1 kV. When determining overvoltages for valve excitation systems, switching overvoltages are also taken into account. 5.2.39. Excitation systems must be equipped with control, protection, signaling devices and instrumentation to the extent that ensures automatic start-up, operation in all provided modes, as well as generator and synchronous compensator shutdown at power plants and substations without constant personnel on duty. 5.2.40. Consoles and control panels, control devices and alarm equipment of the cooling system, as well as power converters of thyristor or other semiconductor exciters should be placed in close proximity to one another. It is allowed to install heat exchangers in another room, while the control panel of the heat exchanger must be installed next to it. The console (panel) from which the excitation can be controlled must be equipped with excitation control devices. 5.2.41. Rectifier units of excitation systems of generators and synchronous compensators must be equipped with alarms and protections that operate when the temperature of the cooling medium or valves rises above the permissible level, and also equipped with devices for monitoring the temperature of the cooling medium and the current strength of the installation. If there are several groups of rectifiers in the rectifier installation, the current strength of each group must be controlled. 5.2.42. Excitation systems must be equipped with insulation monitoring devices that allow insulation measurement during operation, as well as signaling a decrease in insulation resistance below the norm. It is allowed not to carry out such signaling for brushless excitation systems. 5.2.43. Circuits of excitation systems connected to the anodes and cathodes of rectifiers must be made with an insulation level corresponding to the test voltages of the anode and cathode circuits. Connections of anode circuits of rectifiers, cathode circuits of individual groups, as well as other circuits in the presence of uncompensated pulsating or alternating currents, must be made with a cable without metal sheaths. The voltage circuits of the excitation winding of the generator or synchronous compensator for measuring and connecting the AVR device must be carried out by a separate cable with an increased level of insulation without entering through the usual rows of terminals. Connection to the excitation winding must be made through a knife switch. 5.2.44. When using AGP devices with a break in the rotor circuit, as well as when using static exciters with converters, the rotor winding must be protected by a multiple-action arrester. It is allowed to use a single action arrester. The arrester must be connected in parallel to the rotor through an active resistance designed for long-term operation during the breakdown of the arrester in the mode with an excitation voltage equal to 110% of the nominal. 5.2.45. The arresters specified in 5.2.44 shall have an operation signaling. 5.2.46. The excitation system of generators and synchronous compensators must be designed in such a way that: 1. Disconnection of any of the switching devices in the AVR and exciter control circuits did not lead to false forcings in the process of starting, stopping and idling the generator. 2. Disappearance of the operating current voltage in the AVR and exciter control circuits did not lead to disruption of the generator and synchronous compensator. 3. It was possible to carry out repair and other work on the rectifiers and their auxiliary devices when the turbogenerator was operating on a backup exciter. This requirement does not apply to brushless excitation systems. 4. The possibility of damage to the excitation system during a short circuit in the rotor circuits and on its slip rings was excluded. In the case of using static converters, it is allowed to protect them with automatic switches and fuses. 5.2.47. Thyristor excitation systems should provide for the possibility of damping the field of generators and synchronous compensators by switching the converter to inverter mode. In excitation systems with static converters made according to the self-excitation scheme, as well as in excitation systems with electric machine exciters, an AGP device must be used. 5.2.48. All excitation systems (main and backup) must have devices that ensure, when a pulse is applied to extinguish the field, complete de-excitation (field damping) of the synchronous generator or compensator, regardless of the operation of the AHS. 5.2.49. The water cooling system of the exciter must provide the possibility of completely draining water from the system, venting air when the system is filled with water, and periodically cleaning the heat exchangers. Closing and opening the valves of the cooling system on one of the exciters should not lead to a change in the cooling mode on the other exciter. 5.2.50. The floor of the premises of rectifiers with a water cooling system must be designed in such a way that, in case of water leaks, it is impossible for it to get on the current conductors, switchgear and other electrical equipment located below the cooling system. 5.2.51. Electric machine direct current exciters (main when working without AVR and reserve ones) must have a relay forcing of excitation. 5.2.52. Turbine generators must have backup excitation, the circuit of which must provide switching from working excitation to reserve and vice versa without disconnecting the generators from the network. For turbine generators with a capacity of 12 MW or less, the need for backup excitation is established by the chief engineer of the power system. Backup exciters are not installed at hydroelectric power plants. 5.2.53. On turbogenerators with direct cooling of the rotor winding, switching from working excitation to reserve and back must be carried out remotely. 5.2.54. The excitation system of the hydroelectric generator must provide the possibility of its initial excitation in the absence of alternating current in the auxiliary system of the hydroelectric power plant. 5.2.55. At the request of the customer, the excitation system must be designed for automatic control during shutdown of synchronous generators and compensators in reserve and start-up of those in reserve. 5.2.56. All excitation systems at the time of AEC failure must have means to ensure normal excitation, deexcitation and damping of the synchronous machine field.
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