Automatic droop limit

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Free library / Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electrician

Section 3. Protection and automation

Automation and telemechanics. Automatic droop limit

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE)

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3.3.76. Automatic limitation of frequency reduction should be carried out in such a way that in case of any possible shortage of power in the power pool, power system, power center, the possibility of reducing the frequency below the level of 45 Hz is completely excluded, the operating time with a frequency below 47 Hz does not exceed 20 s, and with a frequency below 48,5 .60 Hz - XNUMX s.

3.3.77. The system of automatic frequency reduction limitation performs:

automatic frequency input reserve;
automatic frequency unloading (AFD);
additional unloading;
turning on the power supply of disconnected consumers during frequency recovery (CHAPV);
the allocation of power plants or generators with a balanced load, the allocation of generators to supply the own needs of power plants.

3.3.78. Automatic transfer at frequency reduction should be used in the first place in order to reduce the amount of disconnection or the duration of the interruption in the supply of consumers, if possible, and provides for:

mobilization of the included reserve at thermal power plants;
automatic start-up of hydraulic units in reserve;
automatic transition to the active mode of hydrogenerators operating in the mode of synchronous compensators;
automatic start-up of gas turbine units.

3.3.79. Automatic load shedding involves switching off consumers in small fractions as the frequency decreases (AFPI) or as the duration of the reduced frequency increases (AFPII).

AFC devices should be installed, as a rule, at substations of the power system. They can be installed directly at consumers under the control of the power system.

Load shedding volumes are set based on ensuring efficiency for any possible power shortages; the order of shutdown is chosen so as to reduce the damage from a power outage, in particular, a larger number of devices and queues of the AFC should be used, more responsible consumers should be connected to queues that are more distant in terms of the probability of operation.

The action of the ACR must be coordinated with the operation of the APV and AVR devices. It is unacceptable to reduce the volume of AFR due to the action of AVR devices or personnel.

3.3.80. Additional unloading devices should be used in those power systems or parts of the power system where especially large local power shortages are possible, in which the action of the AChRI devices is not effective enough in terms of the value and speed of unloading.

The need for additional unloading, its volume, as well as the factors by which it is triggered (disconnection of supply elements, active power shedding, etc.), is determined by the power system.

3.3.81. CHAR devices are used to reduce the power interruption of disconnected consumers in the conditions of frequency restoration as a result of the realization of generating power reserves, resynchronization or synchronization by a power outage.

When placing devices and distributing the load among the queues of the FACS, one should take into account the degree of responsibility of consumers, the likelihood of their shutdown by the action of the ARC, the complexity and duration of non-automatic restoration of power supply (based on the accepted procedure for servicing objects). As a rule, the order of turning on the load from the APW should be the reverse of that adopted for the AFC.

3.3.82. The allocation of power plants or generators with a balanced load, the allocation of generators to supply their own needs is applied:

to maintain the own needs of power plants;
to prevent complete shutdown of power plants in case of failure or insufficient efficiency of frequency reduction limiting devices according to 3.3.79 and 3.3.81;
to provide food for especially responsible consumers;
instead of additional unloading, when it is technically and economically feasible.

3.3.83. The need to use additional unloading, the volumes of the load to be switched off (during the AFR) and switched on (during the CAPV), the settings for time, frequency and other controlled parameters for frequency reduction limiting devices are determined during the operation of power systems in accordance with the PTE and other directive materials.

See other articles Section Rules for the installation of electrical installations (PUE).

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