Electric welding installations

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Section 3. Electrical installations for special purposes

Chapter 3.1. Electric welding installations

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations (PTE)

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3.1.1. This chapter of the Rules applies to stationary, mobile (portable) installations for arc welding of direct and alternating current.

3.1.2. Electric welding installations, their installation and location must comply with the established requirements for electric welding.

3.1.3. Welding work must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of state standards, fire safety rules during welding, instructions from manufacturers of electric welding equipment and this chapter of the Rules.

3.1.4. In explosive and fire hazardous rooms, electric welding work must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of state standards for explosion safety, instructions for organizing the safe conduct of hot work at explosive objects and this chapter of the Rules.

3.1.5. Welding current sources can be connected to distribution networks with a voltage not exceeding 660 V.

3.1.6. As sources of welding current for all types of arc welding, only welding transformers or converters (static or motor-generator) specially designed for this purpose and meeting the requirements of current standards with electric motors or internal combustion engines should be used.

3.1.7. The scheme for connecting several welding current sources when working on one welding arc should exclude the possibility of obtaining a voltage between the product and the electrode that exceeds the maximum open circuit voltage of one of the welding current sources.

3.1.8. To supply current from the welding power source to the electrode holder of the manual arc welding installation, a flexible welding copper cable with rubber insulation and rubber sheath should be used. The use of cables and wires with insulation or sheath made of polymeric materials that propagate combustion is not allowed.

3.1.9. The primary circuit of the electric welding installation must contain switching (switching off) and protective electrical devices.

3.1.10. Electric welding installations with a multi-station welding current source must have a device for protecting the source from overload (circuit breaker, fuses), as well as switching and protective electrical devices on each line that goes to the welding station.

3.1.11. A portable (mobile) electric welding installation should be located at such a distance from the switching device that the length of the flexible cable connecting them is no more than 15 m.

This requirement does not apply to the supply of installations through the trolley system and to those cases when a different length is provided for by the design in accordance with the specifications for the installation. Mobile electric welding installations must be disconnected from the mains during their movement.

3.1.12. All electric welding installations with AC and DC sources intended for welding in especially hazardous conditions (inside metal containers, wells, tunnels, on pontoons, in boilers, ship compartments, etc.) or for operation in rooms with increased danger must be equipped with devices for automatic disconnection of the open circuit voltage when the welding circuit is broken or its limitation to a safe value under given conditions. Devices must have technical documentation approved in the prescribed manner, and their parameters must comply with the requirements of state standards for electric welding devices.

3.1.13. When carrying out welding work in enclosed spaces, it is necessary to provide (if necessary) local exhausts that ensure the capture of welding aerosols directly at the place of its formation. Filters must be installed in the ventilation devices of rooms for electric welding installations to prevent the release of harmful substances into the environment.

3.1.14. Consumers, construction and other organizations that create welding sites must have devices, methods and qualified personnel to control hazardous and harmful production factors specified in the relevant state standards. Measurement results must be recorded. In case of exceeding the established norms, measures must be taken to reduce dangerous and harmful factors.

3.1.15. To perform electric welding work, employees who have been trained, instructed and tested on knowledge of safety requirements, who have an electrical safety group of at least II and appropriate certificates, are allowed.

Electric welders who have undergone special training may be assigned, in accordance with the established procedure, an electrical safety group III and above to work as operational and repair personnel with the right to connect and disconnect portable and mobile electric welding installations from the network.

3.1.16. Portable, mobile electric welding equipment is assigned to the electric welder, which is recorded in the Register of inventory, periodic inspection and repair of portable and mobile electric receivers, auxiliary equipment for them. Mobile and portable power sources for arc welding not assigned to electric welders must be stored in lockable rooms.

3.1.17. Connection and disconnection from the network of electric welding installations, as well as monitoring their good condition during operation, must be carried out by the electrical personnel of this Consumer with an electrical safety group of at least III.

3.1.18. When performing welding work in high-risk rooms, especially dangerous rooms and in especially unfavorable conditions, the welder, in addition to overalls, must additionally use dielectric gloves, galoshes and rugs.

When working in confined or hard-to-reach spaces, it is also necessary to wear protective (polyethylene, textolite or vinyl plastic) helmets, in this case it is not allowed to use metal shields.

3.1.19. Work in confined or hard-to-reach spaces must be carried out by a welder under the supervision of two observers, one of whom must have an electrical safety group of at least III. Supervisors must be outside to control the safe conduct of work by the welder. The welder must have a safety harness with a rope, the end of which is at the observer. Electric welding work under these conditions should be carried out only on an installation that meets the requirements of clauses 3.1.12, 3.1.13.

3.1.20. On closed vessels under pressure (boilers, cylinders, pipelines, etc.), and vessels containing flammable or explosive substances, welding is not allowed. Electric welding and cutting of tanks, tanks, barrels, reservoirs and other containers from combustible and flammable liquids, as well as combustible and explosive gases without thorough preliminary cleaning, steaming these containers and removing gases by ventilation is not allowed.

The performance of welding work in the indicated containers is allowed by the employee responsible for the safe conduct of welding work after a personal check of the containers.

3.1.21. The maintenance and repair system for electric welding installations is developed and carried out in accordance with the scheme adopted by the Consumer, taking into account the requirements of this chapter, the operating instructions for these installations, the manufacturer's instructions, electrical equipment testing standards (Appendix 3) and local conditions.

3.1.22. Conducting tests and measurements on electric welding installations is carried out in accordance with the standards for testing electrical equipment (Appendix 3), instructions from manufacturers. In addition, the measurement of the insulation resistance of these installations is carried out after a long break in their operation in the presence of visible mechanical damage, but at least once every 1 months.

3.1.23. Responsibility for the operation of welding equipment, the implementation of the annual maintenance and repair schedule, the safe conduct of welding work is determined by job descriptions approved in the prescribed manner by the head of the Consumer. If the Consumer has the position of a chief welder or an employee performing his functions (for example, a chief mechanic), this responsibility is assigned to him.

See other articles Section Rules for the technical operation of consumer electrical installations (PTE).

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