Old charger. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Chargers, batteries, galvanic cells

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Recently, I managed to look inside a small box, made (according to the inscriptions on the details) around 1970. It was a working memory for a 6-volt battery of an IZH-Jupiter motorcycle (see picture)! Why did the memory survive, because many schemes of the 80-90s. production burned down a long time ago?

The power transformer T1 is switched on "classically" - with a mains voltage switch S1. The secondary winding T1 has a tap from the middle and is connected to a full-wave rectifier on selenium rectifier diodes VD1,2. The common point of the diodes ("minus" of the output) is connected to the case, so the rectifier washers are fixed directly on the metal case, which greatly facilitates their thermal conditions. Note that selenium washers after an overload could "heal" areas of overheating, which is not typical for modern semiconductors.

After the rectifier diodes, a chain of wire resistances is connected, wound on two-watt resistances of the BC type. It was this innovation that protected the memory from failure during inevitable short circuits and polarity reversals in operation!

The rectified current passes through the resistor R1 and the NI signal lamp connected in parallel with it. Further, resistor R2 is included in the "positive" wire circuit, which can be shunted by switch S2. When charging a battery pack (6 V) S2 must be closed and the current is limited only by resistor R1. When charging one battery cell (2 V), switch S2 breaks the shunt circuit and the current is limited by two series-connected resistors R1 and R2. This mode of operation allows you to "bring" each battery cell to a nominal charge (earlier, the terminals of each cell were available on batteries), which helped to increase battery life. In both modes, the NI lamp indicates the passage of current, this allows you to diagnose the quality of the contacts or the absence of voltage in the mains socket without an ammeter.

Such a charger scheme is an intermediate link between combustible ("scoop") and reliable structures [1]. It was created, apparently, after the Khrushchev "thaw". For what reasons did they later begin to multiply designs of memory devices without restrictive elements after the rectifier (such circuits were damaged both during short circuit of the output and during polarity reversal even without being connected to the mains)?! The reasons were not only economic (to sell a large number of devices), there was apparently also a political setting, because at the same time radios were produced with worse selectivity parameters than before (so that "votes" were not received very well), their cases were made from

rattling plastic. Yes, and tape recorders after the bobbin portable with a built-in power supply "Mriya" (1967) were produced by the industry for almost 20 years, heavier and unattractive ("Spring-5", "Dolphin", etc.).

Still, one step in the design (see figure) was not made: the HL1 lamp was used as a signal lamp, its ability to change resistance when the coil was heated was not used (nichrome resistances withstand a smaller temperature range and almost do not change their resistance when heated, because that are made of alloy!).

The second important property of an incandescent lamp - to effectively give power to radiation - is also not used. There is a reason for this too. Within five minutes, you can measure the resistance of the cold spiral of an incandescent lamp with a tester and, using simple formulas, calculate its resistance at nominal mode (the second number will be about ten times larger).

Why, then, for forty years in school physics textbooks there are problems on Ohm's law with switching lamps in series-parallel? After all, when the filament mode is changed, the resistance of the lamp in ohms also changes! You can’t teach physics and take it on unrelated topics!

It is interesting to live in times of change, if only these changes did not happen back and forth!

Literature

1. Goreiko N.P. Charger of the coming century//Electrician. - 2001. - No. 4-11. 

Author: Goreiko N.P., Ladyzhyn, Vinnitsa region

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