Triac power regulator. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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The proposed device (Fig. 1) is a phase power regulator capable of operating with a load from several watts to units of kilowatts.

(click to enlarge)

This design is a reworking of a previously developed device [1]. The use of a different element base made it possible to simplify the power unit of the design, increase reliability and improve the operational characteristics of the regulator. As in the prototype, this regulator has a smooth and stepwise adjustment of the power supplied to the load. In addition, at any time (without touching the regulator knobs), the device can be switched to the operating mode when almost 100% of the power is supplied to the load. There is virtually no radio interference.

The power switch is built on a powerful triac VS2. The minimum power of the connected load can be from 3 to 10 watts. maximum (1,5 kW) is limited by the type of triac used, the conditions for its cooling and the design of noise suppression chokes. On low-power transistors VT3, VT4, an analogue of a unijunction transistor is assembled, which reinforces short pulses that open a low-power high-voltage thyristor VS1. The power supplied to the load depends on the resistance of the variable resistor R6. The opened low-power thyristor, in turn, opens a powerful triac VS2. Through the opened triac, the supply voltage is supplied to the load.

To be able, for example, to temporarily reduce the brightness of the lamp or the temperature of the soldering iron. and then return to the previous set value, a stepped power control node is built on the DD1 chip. The first time you press the SB1 button, the DD1.2 trigger switches, a high logic voltage level appears at output 1 DD1.2, the transistor VT2 opens and shunts the amplitude limiting circuit of the mains voltage VD2-HL2. The power supplied to the load is reduced in steps, the yellow LED HL1 lights up. The amount by which the power is reduced depends on the resistance R4.

If you press SB1 again, the trigger DD1.2 will return to its previous state, the red LED HL2 will light up, and the load will again work at the previously set power. It should be noted that if the R6 engine is in the upper position according to the diagram, and about 100% of the power is supplied to the load, the HL2 LED does not light up. With the SA1 toggle switch, you can at any time force the regulator to give maximum power to the load.

Transistor VT1 is included as a low-power zener diode and limits the supply voltage of the microcircuit at 6 V. For stepped power control, you can also use the second, remaining free, trigger of the DD8 microcircuit by turning it on similarly to the DD1 trigger. Thus, it is possible to obtain different weighting factors for step down power if you take resistors R1.2 (R4 ") of different resistances.

The device is assembled on a printed circuit board (Fig. 2).

The device can use fixed resistors of the type C2-23, MLT, OMLT of the appropriate power. Variable resistor R6 - SPZ-12 (combined with the SA2 power switch). Both groups of switch contacts are connected in parallel. You can also install a variable resistor with a resistance of 100 kOhm. Capacitor C1 - K53-30. K53-19 or imported analogue K50-35 with low leakage current; C4 - K73-9. K73-17; C5 - film, K73-16, K73-17, K78-2 for a voltage of at least 630 V. On site Sat. C7 small-sized imported ceramic capacitors are installed, designed to operate at a voltage of 250 V. The rest of the capacitors are ceramic, K10-176, KM-5, KM-6 or analogues.

Instead of the KD243Zh diode, you can use any of the KD102, KD105, KD209 series. KD221,1N400X. Instead of the diode bridge KTs422G, KTs407A will do. DB104. W04M and others for an operating voltage of at least 400 V and a current of 0,3 A. You can take any LEDs. suitable in terms of dimensions, brightness and color of the glow, for example, the KIPD21, KIPD35 series. KIPD40. L-1503. KT315A transistors are interchangeable with any of the KT312, KT315, KT3102, SS8050, SS9014 series; KT361 - on KT3107, SS8550, SS9012 with any letter index. Field-effect n-channel enriched type transistor can be replaced with any of the KP501, KP502 series. KP504, BSS88. ZVN2120. When replacing transistors, consider the differences in their pinouts. Instead of VT1, you can install a zener diode, designed to operate at a stabilization current of up to 1 mA. for example, KS175Ts, 2S175Ts1, KS182Ts1. CMOS chip DD1 can be replaced by 564TM2, KR1561TM2, CD401 ZA.

Imported thyristor MCR100-8 can be replaced by MCR100-6 with any letter index. Triac VT139X-800 is designed for load current up to 16 A and operating voltage up to 800 V. It can be replaced, for example, with VT139X-600, 2N6405. MAC16N. The triac is installed on a ribbed or pin heat sink, on the area of ​​\u60b\uXNUMXbwhich it is advisable not to save. With a well-chosen heat sink, the temperature of the triac housing should not exceed XNUMX ° C when the regulator is operating with the maximum allowable power.

Chokes of LC filters for loads up to 1,5 kW can be wound on K32x16x8 rings made of M2000NN low-frequency ferrite. Choke L1 contains 45 turns of wire PEV-2 00,75 mm. The two-winding inductor L2 contains 24 turns of a multicore MGTF installation wire folded in half. Before laying the windings, the sharp edges of the rings are blunted with a file, and the rings are wrapped with lavsan or cotton insulating tape. Finished chokes are impregnated with transformer varnish KO-916 or similar.

Establishing a properly assembled device comes down to selecting the resistance R7 and (within small limits) the capacitance of the capacitor C4 so as to achieve the earliest possible opening of the triac at maximum power. The greater the resistance R6, the less capacitance C4 will need. With a sufficiently accurate selection of these elements, the triac VS2 will open at a mains voltage amplitude of 10 ... 12 V. Those who wish to improve the device can supplement it with a simple acoustic relay, for example, from [3,4]. which will duplicate the functions of the SA1 button.

Literature

1. A. Butov. The revival of the thyristor regulator. - Radiomir, 2003, No. 1, p.21.
2. A. Butov. Revival of the thyristor power controller. - Radiomir, 2002, No. 10, p.15.
3. A. Butov. Combined power regulator. - Radiomir, 2003, No. 4, p.19.
4. A. Butov. Acoustic relay. - Circuitry, 2002. No. 3, p.2.
5. A. Butov. Table lamp power regulator. - Radiomir, 2004. No. 6, p.15.

Author: A. Butov, village of Kurba, Yaroslavl region

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