Universal voltage regulator and charger-starter for the car. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Universal voltage regulator and charger-starter for the car. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Automobile. Batteries, chargers

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Quite often, in amateur radio practice, it becomes necessary to adjust the alternating voltage in the range of 0 ... 220 V. LATRs (autotransformers) are widely used for this purpose. But their century has already passed and these bulky devices have been replaced by modern thyristor regulators, which have one drawback: the voltage in such devices is regulated by changing the duration of the AC voltage pulses. Because of this, it is impossible to connect a highly inductive load to them (for example, a transformer or inductor, as well as any other radio device containing the elements listed above).

This AC voltage regulator is free from this shortcoming. It combines: an overcurrent protection device, a thyristor voltage regulator with a bridge regulator, high efficiency (92...98%). In addition, the regulator works in conjunction with a powerful transformer and rectifier, which can be used to charge car batteries and as a starting device when the battery is discharged.

Voltage regulator circuit:

Universal voltage regulator and charger for a car

The main parameters of the voltage regulator:

Rated supply voltage, V 220 ± 10%;
AC output voltage, V 0...215;
Efficiency, not less, % 92;
Maximum load power, kW 2.
The main parameters of the charger-starter:
DC output voltage, V 0...40;
Direct current consumed by the load, A 0...20;
Starting current (with start duration 10 s), A 100.

Description of the voltage regulator

Switch SA2 selects either AC voltage adjustment within 0...98% of the mains voltage, which is removed from the XS1 sockets, or DC voltage adjustment within 0... .40 V at the output of terminals XS2 and XS3.

The average or effective voltage value is adjusted by changing the phase angle of ignition of the power thyristor. By introducing a delay for opening the thyristor key, we thereby change the value of the average current flowing through the load.

On the elements VT1 and VT2, an analog of a unijunction transistor is assembled that controls the operation of the power thyristor VS1. The blocking voltage is applied to the base of the transistor VT1 from the voltage divider formed by the elements R1...R4. Elements R5, R6 and C1 form a phase-shifting circuit. By changing the resistance of the resistor R6, you can change the charge time of the capacitor C1 to the value of the blocking voltage, and thereby adjust the turn-on delay of the thyristor VS1. Thus, there is a power regulation in the load. The resistance of the resistor R5 sets the upper value of the output voltage. It should be borne in mind that by increasing the resistance of the resistor R5, we reduce the output voltage. As the resistance decreases, the upper voltage threshold will first increase and then begin to decrease. The resistance of the resistor must be chosen so that the voltage is maximum.

Protection against current overloads when the AC voltage regulator is connected to the network is provided by the inclusion of thermistors R4.1 and R4.2, which have a negative TCR, in the circuit. Due to the thermal inertia of the thermistor, the threshold blocking voltage supplied to the VT1 base has a maximum value at the moment the controller is turned on and gradually decreases as the thermistor is heated by the current flowing through the voltage divider. Accordingly, the output voltage at the first moment after switching on has a minimum value and gradually increases over a period of time determined by the thermal inertia of the thermistors (approximately 1 ... 2 s), tending to the set value. In this case, the load and power elements are reliably protected from current surges when turned on.

Interchangeability of voltage regulator parts

Instead of T8H thermistors in the voltage regulator, you can use any thermistors from the T8 and T9 series (in this case, the time to enter the mode will be slightly different from the specified one).

Switches SA1 and SA2, as well as all mounting wires of the high-voltage part of the device, must be rated for a current of 5 ... 12 A. All radio elements subject to thermal overload must be installed on heat sinks with an appropriate surface area; VS1 - not less than 250 cm2; VD1...VD8 - not less than 150 cm2 for each of the diodes; VT1 and VT2 - at least 10 ... 15 cm2 for each transistor.

If the device is supposed to be used not only for charging AUTO-AB, but also for starting the engine, then the following must be taken into account:

1. Diodes VD5 ... VD8 should be used for a current of at least 80 A and Uobr. at least 100 V (for example, D132-80X) and install them on heat sinks of the appropriate area (at least 300 cm2 for each of the diodes).

2. The wires connecting the low-voltage part of the device must be designed for a short-term current of 100 ... 150 A, i.e. have a cross-sectional area of at least 35 mm2, while they should be as short as possible.

3. Ammeter PA1 must be designed for a current of at least 100 A. It is better to turn off (short-circuit) an ammeter for a current of 20 A or completely abandon it.

Literature

Young technician, 1986, No. 12, p.74

Author: A. Filipovich, Dzerzhinsk

See other articles Section Automobile. Batteries, chargers.

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Comments on the article:

Basil
Great site, there aren't many like it. I found practical circuit solutions, I'll try to repeat and check for performance. Many thanks and respect to the creators.

Alexander
The scheme is interesting! I am interested in the T-1 transformer, its power is 2 kW?

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