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WONDERS OF NATURE
Royal. Nature miracle
Royal National Park is one of the first national parks in the world, located in the suburbs of Sydney. It was created in 1879 and declared a national park in 1886. The area of the park is 14 thousand hectares.
There are more than 700 species of plants in the protected area of the park. The hills of the park are covered with dense forest, descending to the sea. The coast is lined with rocks and beaches. There are huge stones and rocks near the bed of the Hacking River, which flows through the park. Eucalyptus forests grow on the hills, the tops of the rocks are covered with undersized shrubs. During the day, among the branches of eucalyptus, you can see a koala. In this marsupial climbing animal, the brood pouch opens down (this is how the pouch opens even in wombats). Koala reaches a length of 60-82 cm, weight 16 kg. His ears are large, rounded, his nose is bulbous. When meeting a person, animals are friendly, but they have very sharp claws. On the forelimbs, the fingers are opposed to each other - two to three (in the form of pincers). Climbing up, the koala puts its front paws at an angle of 45 degrees on the trunk, and presses the hind legs, stepping over. Koalas easily climb up the smooth trunk and can jump from branch to branch. Animals spend most of their lives in the crowns of eucalyptus trees, only when frightened, marsupial bears begin to move quickly. The name "koala" comes from the Australian "kullawine" (drinks nothing). This is indeed how the koala suffices for the moisture contained in the leaves of the eucalyptus, its only food. However, out of more than 500 species of eucalyptus, koalas eat leaves (necessarily fresh) of only 15–20 species. Eucalyptus leaves sometimes contain hydrocyanic acid (sugar eucalyptus shoots contain enough poison to kill a ram). And the koala likes this food. Scientists explain this phenomenon by the lengthening of the caecum (up to 2–3 m). The koala is active at night, does not build its own dwellings. Usually lives alone and boldly defends its territory. During the breeding season, the male calls the female with a calling cry - this is something in between The first reports of a koala date back to 1798, when John Price and James Wilson, on a reconnaissance trip southwest of Sydney, met a koala. They wrote in a report that an animal resembling a South American sloth lives here. Four years later, the French naval officer Barralier traded four paws of an animal for arrows and axes and alcoholized them, and then obtained the skin of a marsupial bear, a little later - and a living animal. Before the advent of people in Australia, this animal was ubiquitous, for predators, except for dingoes, it is of no interest - its meat gives off bitterness. The natives tried not to harm the koalas. They believed that the souls of dead children move into these animals (a frightened koala "cries" just like a child). When a white man appeared on the continent at the end of the 1908th century, he began to cut down eucalyptus forests and hunt these furry animals. Their availability for hunters and fluffy skin (koala fur is exceptionally wearable) led to the fact that these animals were almost exterminated by the beginning of the 58th century. Almost 1924 thousand skins were sold in Sydney alone in 2, and already in XNUMX XNUMX million skins were exported from the eastern states. The first to feel the danger looming over a unique animal was in the United States - they banned the import of skins into the country. Then the Australians came to the defense of the good-natured animal. To do this, it was necessary to bring it to specially protected places on the islands. In 1927, N. Burnett created the famous Koala Park 20 miles from Sydney. At first, only four young individuals lived here, and after 6 years, Koala Park already had 65 inhabitants. Koalas were introduced to Flinders Chase National Park on Kangaroo Island. Now the koala is under the protection of the law, even keeping this animal in captivity without special permission is punishable by a large fine. However, another problem arose - the disappearance of eucalyptus forests. Royal National Park is also home to other animals. In deep holes on the banks of quiet rivers, the platypus settles. However, it is not easy to see him - he is nocturnal. During the breeding season, the female digs a longer burrow with several outlets. She clogs the entrance to the hole with earth, lays 1-3 eggs and curls up around them for 1-2 weeks. Only after four months the cubs leave the hole. Platypuses feed on small aquatic invertebrates that live at the bottom of the reservoir. Echidna is widespread both on the mainland and on the nearest islands. She settles in tree and shrub thickets, where there are a lot of ants and termites. Most often, echidnas live alone, in an area up to 3 km. In September, a fold of skin in the form of a bag forms on the female's belly, into which she usually lays one egg and keeps it there for up to two weeks. The cub spends more than three months in this bag. When the baby is covered with thorns, the mother, leaving to hunt, leaves him under the deadwood. Having gained a kilogram of weight, the cub can already take care of itself. Small marsupial shrews inhabit the forest floor. A marsupial cat climbs on the branches of trees. Here, the bush-tailed opossum feeds on the fruits of eucalyptus trees. In places, deep wombat burrows are visible, similar to bomb craters. Under the cover of night, giant marsupial flying squirrels and miniature sugar squirrels fly from tree to tree. Long-nosed bandicoots, marsh wallabies, as well as some species of placental mammals (beaver rat), bats (tube-nosed, red flying fox) also live in the park. There are 250 species of birds in the forest, many of which are endemic to Australia: the satin bower, red fantail, black-faced monarch, Levin's honeyeater, Wong's dove, bristly cuckoo and lyre bird. The satin bower bird, or bowerbird, has a shiny bluish-black plumage. The male builds a kind of decorated gazebo 50–60 cm high and about a meter in diameter on a small area under the forest canopy. The bird paints the walls of the house with paint, which it prepares on its own, chewing blue berries. He also makes a brush from the bast fiber of trees. Then the bowerbird, holding the brush in its beak, dips it into the paint and paints the walls of its house, and then decorates it with blue flowers, which always look up. In front of the entrance to the house, the bower maker arranges a flat area, decorating it also with flowers, leaves, shells. The bird carefully monitors the design of its home: every day it replaces wilted flowers with fresh ones. However, birds do not use this hut for breeding (the chicks are hatched somewhere nearby in bushes or trees). And the gazebos serve as a place for acquaintance, entertainment and mating games of birds. As far back as the XNUMXth century, the famous naturalist Gould wrote about the buildings of bower houses: Royal Park attracts numerous visitors not only with a variety of fauna, all conditions for their recreation are created here (Royal Park, like Sydney Park, suffers greatly from the influx of tourists, which are 2-4 million a year). On the beaches there are extensive car parks, places for picnics and swimming. Author: Yudina N.A.
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