A simple voltage converter. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Voltage converters, rectifiers, inverters
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A step-up DC voltage inverter is proposed, which has good characteristics, despite the fact that it uses a minimum of elements. Its scheme is shown in the figure. A push-pull pulse generator is assembled on transistors VT1 and VT2. The positive feedback current flows through the windings III and IV of the transformer T1 and the load connected between the +12 V circuit and the common wire. Due to the proportional current control of transistors, the losses for their switching are significantly reduced and the efficiency of the converter is increased. In a real device, it amounted to 82...85% of the load inflow of 1 A.
The role of the diodes that rectify the output voltage is performed by the emitter junctions of the transistors. You can also get a negative voltage (in this case -4,2V) by installing additional diodes VD1 and VD2. as shown in the figure with dashed lines. It will also require a filter capacitor similar to C1, but connected in opposite polarity.
The magnetic circuit of the transformer T1 is the K18x8x5 ring made of ferrite 2000NM1. Windings I and II contain 6 turns each, and III and IV - 10 turns of insulated wire with a diameter of 0,5 mm. Each pair of windings is wound simultaneously in two wires.
The inverter is able to operate even when the input voltage drops to 1 V, which allows, for example, to obtain a voltage of 9 V from one galvanic cell with a voltage of 1.5 V. Given the input Uin and output Uout, voltages and the number of turns w1 of windings I and II, the required number of turns of windings III and IV (w2) are calculated with sufficient accuracy by the formula
w2=w1(Uout-Uin+0.9)/(Uin-0,5)
Transistors should be selected based on the allowable values of the base current (it should not be less than the load current) and the emitter-base reverse voltage (it should be greater than twice the difference between the input and output voltages). In many cases, transistors of the KT208, KT209, KT501 series are suitable for operation in small power converters. In this case, the transformer T1 can be made on an annular magnetic circuit of a smaller diameter.
Author: A.Chaplygin, Kursk
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