Checking the trinistor rectifier. Scheme, description

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Checking the trinistor rectifier

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Voltage converters, rectifiers, inverters

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By the nature of my work, I often have to check and repair electric drive control units BU3609, which have trinistor rectifiers. The simplest troubleshooting methods recommended by the operating instructions for the unit are ineffective in real conditions. For example, when checking the forward and reverse resistance of trinistors, it is almost impossible to detect failures in the circuits for supplying control pulses. For a long time, I have successfully used my own test method, the essence of which can be briefly formulated as opening the rectifier arms with a pre-charged capacitor while powering the power section with a reduced DC voltage.

A simplified diagram of the trinistor rectifier, which is part of the BU3609 block, is shown in the figure.

Checking the trinistor rectifier

The positional designations of the elements correspond to the factory scheme of the block. Before testing, disconnect all external wires from terminal block X1, remove the CP control system board from the unit, and remove the FU3 fuse from the holder. The latter will prevent the test voltage from reaching the TV power transformer.

The rectifier input (terminals 1 and 2 of block X1) is connected through an open SA1 switch to a 24 V DC voltage source. The choice of just such a voltage is explained by the fact that it is safe for humans and the device under test, and its sources (batteries and rectifiers) are widely used in industrial installations.

To the rectifier output (terminals 4 and 5), HL1 is connected as a load - a 24 V 40 W lighting lamp or three signal KM-24-90 connected in parallel. To check, you need a device from capacitor C1 and resistor R1 connected in series. In order not to confuse the polarity, it is advisable to somehow mark the wires connected to the free terminals of the capacitor and resistor, for example, taking them with insulation of different colors.

If the trinistors are in good condition, after closing the contacts of the SA1 switch, current will not flow through them and the HL1 lamp will not light up. Let's assume that voltage 24 8 is positively applied to terminal 1, and negatively to terminal 2. To light the lamp, you need to open the trinistors VI and V4 by applying a pulse to their control electrodes through the TT transformer. To do this, charge the capacitor C1 from a voltage source of 24 V. Then it is discharged through the VIO diode and the primary winding of the TT transformer by connecting the device to the contacts of the X2 and X1 sockets, as shown in the diagram with solid lines. As a result, the HL1 lamp should light up and continue to burn until the current is interrupted by opening the contacts of the switch SAXNUMX.

To check the trinistors V2, V3 and their control circuits, the polarity of connecting the 24 V voltage source to block X1 is reversed, capacitor C1 is charged again, switch SA1 is closed and the capacitor is discharged through the winding of transformer T2. The necessary connections are shown in the figure with dashed lines. Lamp HL1 should light up again. Not shown in the simplified diagram, but available in the BU3609 block, the V5-V8 trinistor rectifier is checked in the same way by discharging the capacitor to the primary windings of transformers T3 and T4.

Using the described method, you can also check other thyristor rectifiers, including those with optical isolation of control circuits. The load of the device under test should be chosen such that the current through the open thyristors is not less than their turn-off current. Resistor R1 must limit the discharge current of capacitor C1 to a value that is safe for the circuit under test.

Author: A. Stas, Rivne, Ukraine

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