Miniature Triac Voltage Regulator
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Regulators of current, voltage, power
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Currently produced microcircuits of trinistor and triac phase-pulse regulators of the effective voltage value allow you to create compact and convenient devices. Triac microcircuits are most preferred for these purposes, since the diode bridge in trinistor controllers dissipates significant power, which is highly undesirable for compact designs due to limited cooling capabilities.
This article describes a small-sized voltage regulator made on a triac chip.
This device is assembled on a specialized GRN-1-220 microcircuit, which is a triac phase-pulse voltage regulator. It can be placed directly in the mains plug of the load, such as a soldering iron. True, in practice it is more convenient to use a device in the form of a plug-adapter with a socket for connecting the load. The appearance of the regulator is shown in Fig.1.
The main parameters of the microcircuit
- Maximum allowable voltage (peak value), V......400
- Rated mains voltage. B......220
- Load current, not more than, A ...... 2
- Effective voltage regulation interval, % .....0...97
- Load power, W chip without heat sink......250
- the microcircuit is installed on the heat sink ...... 400
- Operating temperature range, °С......-40...+70
Given the limited cooling conditions in a small-sized design, the load power of the proposed device should not exceed 100 W.
The regulator is made according to the typical scheme of the manufacturer, which is shown in fig. 2. With the resistance of the variable resistor R1 indicated in the diagram, the passport voltage regulation interval is provided.
From the experience of practical work, it is known that in most cases for soldering irons the optimal operating voltage is about 150 ... 160 V. Therefore, it is advisable to limit the voltage change limits from about 100 to 200 ... 210 V in order to make the voltage adjustment smoother. In addition, it may be difficult to purchase a variable resistor of the desired value. It is possible to solve these issues by installing additional resistors, which are shown in Fig. 2 dashed line. If the regulation interval is greater than required, an additional resistor R2 should be installed, the resistance of which is selected during adjustment, and if less, resistor R3.
It is expedient to carry out selection before installation of the device. It should be recalled that it is better to carry out measurements with a voltmeter of an electromagnetic or thermal system, since only they measure the effective voltage value. In extreme cases, the adjustment can be carried out using an ordinary incandescent lamp as an indicator.
Variable resistor R1 - SP-0.4, SPZ-9a or other small. It must necessarily be with a linear control characteristic (group A). Note that when an additional parallel resistor R2 is connected, the linearity of regulation is somewhat violated, but this does not matter much. Additional resistors should also be small, for example MLT-0,125.
For installation in a plug, the microcircuit needs to be somewhat modified, taking into account the features of its design: the microcircuit is assembled on a substrate made of thin fiberglass. Its conclusions are a continuation of the conductive paths; when bent, they break easily and must be handled very carefully. In order to strengthen the design, the curved leads of the microcircuit are soldered to a printed circuit board made of one-sided foil fiberglass with a thickness of 0,5 ... 0,8 mm, the drawing of which is shown in Fig. 3.
It is advisable to glue the board to the base of the microcircuit using hot melt adhesive.
The basis of the design is a network plug with "grounding". To accommodate the parts of the regulator, it will have to be somewhat modified: drill holes in the cover for installing a two-pole socket, remove the "extra" plastic in the body and on the plug cover. At the end of the installation, the variable resistor is "recessed" into the housing and filled with hot melt adhesive.
Author: D.Turchinsky, Moscow
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