Automatic device for charging and restoring batteries. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Automatic device for charging and restoring batteries. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Chargers, batteries, galvanic cells

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The described charger allows you to restore sulfated batteries in automatic mode, or to carry out the formation and preventive processing of serviceable ones.

The charging current is switched off automatically when the voltage at the battery terminals reaches 14,1...14,2 V. The comparison of the battery voltage with the reference voltage occurs in the absence of the charging current, which allows the battery to be charged to full capacity.

The charging current is continuously adjustable from 0 to 10 A.

The device has protection against accidental short circuits of output jacks X1 and X2.

(click to enlarge)

The device consists of the following main components:

network transformer T1 with a full-wave rectifier on diodes VD1-VD4;
phase-pulse generator assembled on transistors VT1, VT2;
short circuit protection unit on thyristor VS1, zener diode VD7 and resistor R15;
a reference voltage source formed by the zener diode VD8 and capacitor C2;
pulse shaper assembled on transistors VT3, VT4;
comparison node on the zener diode VD12 and transistor VT5;
control thyristor VS2.

Operation of the device

When the network is turned on with the SA1 toggle switch, the voltage from the rectifier output is supplied to the phase-pulse generator (VT1, VT2), the pulses of which are fed to the pulse shaper (VT3, VT4). At the same time, pulses with a stable amplitude are formed at its output, independent of the phase of the generator pulse. The amplitude of the pulses is set when setting the variable resistor R12.

The comparison unit (VT5, VD12) is designed for stable operation of the VS2 thyristor regardless of the ambient temperature, as well as for narrowing the limits of the automatic shutdown operation voltage. When the voltage of the rechargeable battery reaches 14,1 ... 14,2 V, the Zener diode VD12 closes and the thyristor VS2 stops passing the charging current.

In the event of a short circuit of the output sockets or incorrect connection of the poles of the battery being charged, the voltage across the resistor RI5 increases, which causes the opening of the zener diode VD7 and the thyristor VS1. The thyristor, in turn, shunts the capacitor C1 of the phase-pulse generator.

In this case, the supply of control pulses to the thyristor VS2 stops and the charging current drops to zero. To restore the charging current, it is necessary to open and close the contacts of the SA1 toggle switch again.

The VD10 diode protects the device from incorrect connection of the battery poles, and the VD11 diode protects it from spontaneous discharge.

In the event of a mains failure, the measuring device P1 indicates the voltage value of the connected battery.

The six-volt batteries are charged when the SA2 switch is set to the "6 V" position.

The desulfation mode is set as follows. A rechargeable battery with a voltage Ua of at least 12,2 V and an appropriate specific gravity of the electrolyte is connected to the output terminals of the device. The charging current I is set at the position of the variable resistor knob R4 at the first third of the scale. Charging pulses with a duration of 1/3 half-cycle of the mains voltage are best set using an oscilloscope.

Next, the resistance of the discharge resistor Rp is determined; which is connected to the output of the device in parallel with the battery:

Rp=10Ua/I3,

where Ua is the battery voltage (V), h is the charging current (A).

Resistor Rp must be at least 15 watts.

The battery is charged until the charging current is automatically turned off. Do this after eliminating the cause of plate sulfation.

Device setup

Establishing a short-circuit protection unit is reduced to installing a voltage of 7 V on the cathode of the Zener diode VD2,5 by selecting a resistor R10. The charging current is set to about 3 A.

Setting the voltage value at which the charging current is automatically turned off is carried out as follows. From the control thyristor VS2, a wire is soldered to it from the connection point of the transistor VT5 and resistor R16. Then, a stabilized voltage source of 14,2 V is connected to the output terminals of the device and a sharp decrease in the voltage at the collector of the transistor VT12 is achieved with a variable resistor R5, after which the connection with the control electrode of the thyristor VS2 is restored.

Resistors R17, R18 are selected depending on the microammeter used and the selected scale for measuring voltage and current.

Starting to test the device, a load resistor with a resistance of 25 - 50 Ohm with a power of 10 ... 20 W is connected to the output terminals. Turn on the power with the SA1 toggle switch and measure the voltage at the load at different positions of the variable resistor R4 slider. A smooth change in voltage indicates the normal operation of the device.

Details

Resistor R15 is made of four 0,8 mm manganin wires twisted together, the length of which, with a resistance of 0,08 ohms, is about 200 mm. The twisted wire is wound on a porcelain sleeve with a diameter of 20 mm from an unusable wire resistor, with a small gap between the turns.

The magnetic circuit of the network transformer T1 - type PL 27x40x58.

The transformer windings contain: I - 674 turns of PEV-2 wire 0,7; II - 48 turns of wire PEV-2 1,8; III - 20 turns of PEV-2 1,8.

Resistors R4 and R12 type. SP2-1, R1 -MLT-1, the rest - MLT-0,25. Capacitors: C1 - K73P-3; C2 - K50-29.

Measuring device P1 - microammeter type M-592 for a current of 50 μA. Signal lamp HL1-KM24-105.

Author: Shelestov I.P.

See other articles Section Chargers, batteries, galvanic cells.

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Comments on the article:

Tahir
The comparison node on the VD12 zener diode and the VT5 transistor did not work for me. Is there an error in the circuit?

Andrei
In reality, the comparison node on VT5 and VD12 does not work at all. On an active load, everything is regulated, but no current goes to the battery. This node is not working!!!

Viktor
Has anyone set up automatic shutdown? maybe the zener diode is not connected right?

Boris
I have the same! Can use another scheme to disable?

Alexander
I can’t start the t1 t2 generator (I’m doing it for the second time), about twenty years ago. at random, replaced d11 with a conder, from P10 and d12 to + out d226 and p5k, cathode to +, WORKED! stabilitron) I can’t set up a new board. To help the radio amateur release 4 page 5 M GAZIZOV

Peter
I assembled this device but it does not work, the parts are all working. I would like to know how the resistor R12 will affect the voltage on the collector of the transistor VT5 if there is a D11 diode in front of the resistor that will not let the positive potential to the resistor pass?

Gennady
When T4 opens, resistor R12 starts to get very hot. Maybe he should be in someone, and not in ohm?

Gennady
Does anyone have a resistor R12? Maybe there should be com and not om? Node T5 is down.

a guest
Who has earned a comparison unit share information.

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