Device for charging and forming accumulators. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Chargers, batteries, galvanic cells
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The figure shows a diagram of a device that is designed to charge and form batteries with a voltage of 6 or 12 V, with a capacity of up to 85 Ah. The charge (discharge) current does not depend much on the voltage in the AC network (voltage drop at the load). The efficiency of the device, depending on the load, varies from 16 to 42%.
(click to enlarge)
When charging six-volt batteries, the device can supply a current of 2,5 to 14 A to the load with a current stabilization coefficient for changing the load resistance from 600 (at 2 ... 5 A) to 10 (at 14 A), and for changing the supply voltage - respectively from 35 to 1,5 Output impedance of the device - not less than 260 Ohm.
In the charging mode of twelve-volt batteries, the current change limits are 2 ... 10 A, the current stabilization coefficients are 400 - 80 and 30 - 10, respectively, the output resistance is more than 600 Ohms.
The power consumed by the device from the network in the first case is approximately 440 W, in the second - 235 W. The amplitude of the current ripple does not exceed 16 mA at a current of up to 4,5 A.
The device consists of a chain of emitter followers covered by enhanced negative feedback (NFB) on the load current.
The first stage of the chain is assembled on a composite transistor VT2 -VT4, and the final stages are on powerful transistors VT5, VT6 and VT7, VT8.
The negative feedback voltage is removed from the emitter of the transistor VT7 and fed into the base circuit of the transistor VT2 through an amplifier assembled on the transistor VT1. Variable resistor R4 in the circuit. The OOS serves to set the required charging current. Diodes VD6 and VD7 provide temperature stabilization of the load current.
Voltage amplification cascade. The OOS is powered by a voltage regulator on a VD5 zener diode with ballast resistors R2 and R3. Relays K1 and K2, switched on by switch SA2, serve to select the output voltage (6/12 V).
When charging, the battery is connected to terminals X1 and X2, and when discharging (for the purpose of formation) - to the terminals. XZ and X2. Unused terminals in both cases are connected by a jumper.
In discharge mode, the device is disconnected from the network.
The current is controlled by the ammeter RA 1, and the voltage - by the voltmeter P V1.
A properly mounted stabilizer only requires finding the optimal position of the VD6 and VD7 diodes relative to the radiator. Sometimes it is necessary to clarify the resistance of the resistor R5.
Diodes VD6 and VD7 are mounted directly on the radiator, one of the transistors VT5 - VT8, on insulating racks. By adjusting the distance between the diodes and the heatsink (by bending the diode leads), one achieves the least possible dependence of the load current on changes in the thermal regime of the device during prolonged operation.
The power transformer T1 is wound on the USh40x66 magnetic circuit.
The primary winding should contain 417 turns of PEV-2 1,2 wire. For the secondary winding (36 turns), an insulated rectangular copper busbar (1,8x5 mm) is used.
Resistors R6 + R13 are wound on resistor cases. VS-2 with manganin or constantan wire with a diameter of 0,75-1,0 mm.
MP25B transistors can be replaced by any low-power transistors of the pn-p, P201 structure - transistors. P213, P214 or (which is better) GT403 with any letter index A. P210A - GT701A. Transistors VT5 - VT8 are mounted on ribbed heatsinks with a dissipation area of 600 cm.
The design should provide free flow around the radiators by convection air currents. The VT4 transistor is mounted on a plate radiator with an area of 25 cm2.
Relays K1 and KR2-MR-1 and RES-9, respectively, with a response voltage of 15 V. They can be replaced by one relay with five groups of normally open contacts.
Author: Shelestov I.P.
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