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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING A simple thyristor charger. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Chargers, batteries, galvanic cells The device with electronic control of the charging current is made on the basis of a thyristor phase-pulse power controller. It does not contain scarce parts; with obviously good elements, it does not require adjustment. The charger allows you to charge car batteries with a current of 0 to 10 A, and can also serve as an adjustable power source for a powerful low-voltage soldering iron, vulcanizer, and portable lamp. Charging current is close to pulsed in shape, which is believed to prolong battery life. The device is operable at ambient temperature from - 35 °С to + 35 °С. The scheme of the device is shown in fig. one. The charger is a thyristor power regulator with phase-pulse control, fed from the winding II of the step-down transformer T1 through the diode moctVDI + VD4. The thyristor control unit is made on the analogue of the unijunction transistor VT1, VT2 The time during which the capacitor C2 is charged before switching the unijunction transistor can be adjusted by the variable resistor R1. With the extreme right position of its engine according to the diagram, the charging current will be maximum, and vice versa. Diode VD5 protects the control circuit of the thyristor VS1 from the reverse voltage that occurs when the thyristor is turned on.
In the future, the charger can be supplemented with various automatic units (shutdown at the end of charging, maintaining normal battery voltage during long-term storage, signaling the correct polarity of the battery connection, protection against output short circuits, etc.). The disadvantages of the device include fluctuations in the charging current with an unstable voltage of the electric lighting network. Like all similar thyristor phase-pulse controllers, the device interferes with radio reception. To combat them, you should provide a network LC filter, similar to that used in switching network power supplies. Capacitor C2 - K73-11, with a capacity of 0,47 to 1 uF, or. K73-16, K73-17, K42U-2, MBGP. We will replace the KT361A transistor with KT361B - KT361Yo, KT3107L, KT502V, KT502G, KT501Zh - KT50IK, and KT315L - with KT315B + KT315D KT312B, KT3102L, KT503V + KT503G, P307 Instead of KD 105B fit diodes KD105V, KD105G or. D226 with any letter index. Variable resistor R1 - SP-1, SPZ-30a or SPO-1. Ammeter RA1 - any direct current with a scale of 10 A. It can be made independently from any milliammeter by selecting a shunt according to a standard ammeter. The F1 fuse is fusible, but it is also convenient to use a 10 A circuit breaker or a car bimetallic one for the same current. Diodes VD1 + VP4 can be any for a forward current of 10 A and a reverse voltage of at least 50 V (series D242, D243, D245, KD203, KD210, KD213). The rectifier diodes and the thyristor are mounted on heat sinks, each with a usable area of about 100 cm2. To improve the thermal contact of devices with heat sinks, it is desirable to use heat-conducting pastes. instead of a thyristor. KU202V fit KU202G - KU202E; it has been verified in practice that the device works normally with more powerful thyristors T-160, T-250. It should be noted that it is permissible to use the metal wall of the casing directly as a thyristor heat sink. Then, however, there will be a negative output of the device on the case, which is generally undesirable because of the danger of accidental short circuits of the output positive wire to the case. If you mount the thyristor through a mica gasket, there will be no danger of a short circuit, but the heat transfer from it will worsen. A ready-made network step-down transformer of the required power with a secondary winding voltage of 18 to 22 V can be used in the device. If the transformer has a voltage on the secondary winding of more than 18 V, the resistor R5 should be replaced with another one with a higher resistance (for example, at 24 ... 26 V, the resistance of the resistor should be increased to 200 Ohms). In the case when the secondary winding of the transformer has a tap from the middle, or there are two identical windings and the voltage of each is within the specified limits, then it is better to make the rectifier according to the standard two-diode full-wave circuit. With a secondary winding voltage of 28 ... 36 V, you can completely abandon the rectifier - its role will be simultaneously played by the thyristor VS1 (rectification is half-wave). For this version of the power supply, it is necessary to connect a separating diode KD5B or D105 with any letter index (cathode to resistor R226) between the resistor R5 and the positive wire. The choice of a thyristor in such a circuit will be limited - only those that allow operation under reverse voltage (for example, KU202E) will do. For the described device, a unified transformer TN-61 is suitable. Its three secondary windings must be connected in series in accordance, while they are capable of delivering current up to 8 A. All parts of the device, except for the transformer T1, rectifier diodes VD1 - VD4, variable resistor R1, fuse FU1 and thyristor VS1, are mounted on a printed circuit board made of foil fiberglass 1,5 mm thick. Author: Shelestov I.P.
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Comments on the article: Alexey The scheme of Radio 11 2001 is simple, I'll try to assemble it. Yura There is an error in this diagram. Dima Where is the mistake? Yura Incorrectly installed transistor VT2. Please pay attention to this. Vladimir pnp npn because of this? Yura The signal comes from a transformer. If you look at the transistor VT2, according to the arrow on the emitter indicated in the diagram, the transistor will not pass the signal. He will be locked up. Everything will become clear to you if you pay attention to VD5. Alexander The transistor costs the correct 315, only on the diagram the emitter arrow must be drawn the other way around. And it is necessary to charge the battery with such circuits 2 times longer than with transistor circuits. Because the charge occurs only in the second half of each half-cycle, respectively, the amount of electricity for each half-cycle the battery receives at least half as much as from transistor chargers. Anatoly I assembled everything according to the scheme, at the output of the diode bridge 17 volts, the resistor R1 smokes. Tell me what to do, a 1 kilo-ohm resistor sp-30. a guest Error - the transistor kt 315 is shown in the diagram as direct conduction Nikolay If you make a short circuit or a reversal, what will happen to the circuit? Eduard, manakov-70@mail.ru I assembled such a circuit. It works, though without a load at a minimum it gives out 7 volts. The variable R is 100 Ohm. Maybe because of it? Who will tell? Andrei Not regulated. Either the current is there or it isn't. Nicholas Collected, at the output of the diode bridge 15V. The output is already from the 11V circuit and is not regulated, R1 20k. What is the problem? Vladimir Mikhailovich, vm-sokolov@mai.ru The charger immediately opens, the ku202 cannot be adjusted. Vladimir Thank you. Competently and sensibly presented. Nicholas The circuit is simple, assembled, works. Thank you. a guest Excellent! gene Collected, checked 10 times - zeros. Sergei Swap R1 and R2, delete R3. Disconnect the middle output of R1 (engine) and connect it to the VT1 emitter, connect C2 to the same place - better non-polar 0,5 ... 1,0 microfarads. Thus, we get a smooth adjustment from 0 volts, by controlling the current and voltage, you can charge different batteries, not only 12-volt ones [;)] a guest The scheme is working! Jury the circuit is fully working ... sometimes you need to choose R6 ... and R5 .., as well as a regulating one .. From 10 K. to 22k. R5 12k. R6 9k. Replace the transistors with a pair of kt 816 and kt 817 .. it will work like a fairy tale ... Nothing gets hot ... Good luck to everyone .. Fake Saratovets People! The circuit doesn't work at all! The current will not be regulated, it will immediately be maximum! The thyristor is in the DC circuit, the thyristor has a self-holding of the open state after opening! The thyristor can be closed by opening the circuit, or by changing the polarity of the connection. Here, it will open all the way instantly and will not close, regardless of what it will have on the control electrode! (PS I didn't build a circuit, I just know how a thyristor works.) Oleksandr I’m coring more than one river, the scheme is designed to be directed to t122-25.
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