Voltage stabilizer for car battery, 12,6/9 volts 0,3 amps. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Surge Protectors
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When going on a trip by car, many of you are not averse to taking with you a portable transistor radio or cassette recorder operating from a 9 V source. In this case, it is convenient to power them, of course, from the car's on-board network. But its voltage, firstly, is 12,6 V and, moreover, fluctuates within a significant range. This is where the proposed stabilizer comes in handy (Fig. 1.16).
The drawing of its printed circuit board is shown in fig. 1.17.
The output voltage of the stabilizer is 9 V, the maximum load current is 300 mA. When the load current changes from 20 to 300 mA, the output voltage changes by only 0,17 V.
The stabilizer is protected against overload and short circuit at the output - when the load current exceeds the maximum (300 mA), the stabilizer will turn off. The stabilizer consists of a regulating transistor VT1 and a comparison stage assembled on a transistor VT2, a zener diode VD1 and resistors R2 ... R5. Adjusted resistor R4 set the output voltage. Resistor R1 ensures the launch of the stabilizer (the appearance of an output voltage) when it is connected to a power source or after the output overload has been eliminated.
The maximum load current corresponding to the protection threshold depends on the resistor R2. It increases as the resistance of the resistor decreases, and vice versa. The minimum resistance of the resistor is limited by the maximum allowable stabilization current of the zener diode.
Instead of KT814B, there can be any other transistor from the KT814, KT816 series, and instead of KT315G, any of the KT315 series. The control transistor is mounted on a 15x20 mm radiator made of duralumin 2 ... 3 mm thick and attached to the board together with it. As the XP1 connector, it is convenient to use an adapter plugged into the car's cigarette lighter socket - such adapters are sold in car dealerships. Establishing the stabilizer comes down to setting the output voltage of 9,1 ... 9,3 V without load with a trim resistor and selecting the resistor R1 - it must be of such resistance that the stabilizer can be reliably started without load, both when it is connected to the vehicle’s on-board network, and after the short circuit at the output has been eliminated.
The output voltage when the resistor R1 is connected can increase by no more than 0,1 V. If you need to operate the stabilizer at a load current of up to 500 mA (of course, you will have to select the resistor R2 for this option), the radiator for the VT1 transistor will have to be applied large sizes.
Author: Semyan A.P.
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