A simple two-stage voltage regulator based on a booster transformer. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Regulators of current, voltage, power

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The article describes a simple 3-phase voltage regulator for the lighting network of an industrial enterprise, which is made on three single-phase booster transformers and is designed to step down the voltage in two steps of 10 V. The regulator circuit provides manual and automatic lighting control.

At industrial enterprises, in particular at compressor stations (CS) of main gas pipelines, due to the continuous change in the mode of operation of the power system during the day, there is a noticeable change in the voltage on the lighting buses [1].

The use of a simple voltage regulator (see figure), included in the section of the lighting line, makes it possible to regulate the voltage on the lighting busbars with sufficient reliability and efficiency.

The regulator is made on three single-phase boiler transformers of the OSO-0,25 type, the secondary windings of which are included in the cut of the feeder "compressor shop lighting" or some other illuminated object.

The voltage at the output of the regulator differs from the voltage at the input by the value of the additional EMF in the winding of the series transformer (the winding included in the cut of the feeder), which can be in phase with the voltage at the input of the regulator or be shifted relative to it in phase [2]. The direction of the additional EMF is determined by the connection group of the windings of the OSO-0,25 transformer. The primary windings of the transformer are exciting and are directly connected to the output of the regulator.

Boiler transformers of the OSO-0,25 type for a voltage of 220/12 V and a rated current of the secondary winding of 20,8 A are suitable for a throughput power of 13,7 kVA and provide an increase (decrease) in voltage by 12 V, which for a 380 V network is 3,3 .3% [XNUMX].

The voltage regulator, the schematic diagram of which is shown in the figure, is intended only for lowering the voltage in two steps of 10 V. The switching of the steps is carried out by magnetic starters K and 1K.

The secondary (serial) windings of 1T-ZT transformers are wound with PEL-0,2 wire and contain 2×23 turns. The calculation of the number of turns is carried out according to a well-known method and is determined by the required step voltage. Primary windings of transformers are not altered.

The regulator control circuit provides manual and automatic switching on of the lighting of the compressor shop. Manual activation is carried out by the packet switch SA1, automatic - by contacts 2P1 and 2P2 of the output relay of the lighting switch, depending on the illumination in the compressor shop.

The voltage regulator works as follows. When the packet switch SA1 is turned on, the coil of the magnetic starter K is flowed through the circuit 1-2. The magnetic starter is triggered and by its power contacts K turns on the "lighting of the compressor shop" half of the series windings of transformers 1T-3T into the feeder cut. In this case, the voltage at the output of the regulator will be reduced relative to the voltage at the input by 10 V.

If the voltage at the input of the regulator increases and, for example, reaches Uf = 240 V, then the voltage relay EN is activated along the circuit 7-8, which closes its contacts EN1 in the circuit of the intermediate relay 1P. As a result, the relay 1P is circulated with current and switches its contacts 1P1 and 1P2 in circuits 1-2 and 5-6 of the coils K and 1K of magnetic starters, namely, the contacts 1P1 open, and 1P2 close, which leads to the shutdown of the magnetic starter K and the inclusion of the magnetic starter 1K, that is, the second half of the serial windings of the transformers is additionally connected using a 1K magnetic starter. The voltage at the output of the regulator further decreases by 10 V. When the voltage at the input of the regulator decreases, the reverse switching occurs with a small delay, determined by the capacitance of the capacitor C.

Details. The automatic control circuit of the regulator is made on magnetic starters of III-IV magnitude, an intermediate relay IP type RP-23 for voltage Un = 220 V, voltage relay EN type EN-524/400 with maximum and minimum installation voltages of 240 and 226 V, respectively. Resistors K1 and R2 type MLT-2 at 33 Ohm and 20 kOhm, respectively. Capacitor C type KE or EM with a capacity of 20 microfarads for a voltage of at least 350 V.

Transformers 1T, 2T type OSO0,25 can be replaced by TBS-0,4 or any other suitable in terms of power, current and voltage. It is possible to use one three-phase transformer instead of three single-phase ones.

Relay 1P is connected to the emergency lighting network of the compressor shop, which is made on direct current. In the absence of such a network, it must be connected to an alternating current network through a diode bridge of the KTs402AKTs405A type for 600 V, 1 A.

The described voltage regulator can also be used to increase the voltage in two steps of 10 V. To do this, it is necessary to swap the beginnings and ends of the primary or secondary windings of the transformers and, accordingly, change the automatic control circuit. Changes in the automatic control circuit are insignificant: instead of the EN-524/400 voltage relay, the EN-529/320 type voltage relay is used with the maximum and minimum installation voltage of 205 and 195 V, respectively; the NC contact 1RZ of the IP relay is replaced by the NC contact K2 of the magnetic starter K; the closing contact EN1 of the relay EN is replaced by the opening contact of the same relay.

The proposed voltage regulator has a low weight, dimensions and cost, as well as a sinusoidal output voltage curve. It was introduced by the author at one of the CS of the main gas pipelines in the lighting network of the compressor shop.

References:

1. Knorring G.M. Rational use of electricity for lighting. - Gosenergoizdat, 1960.
2. Kolomoitsev K.V. Simple booster devices // Elektrik. 2003. - No. 1. - S.Z.
3. Mikhalkov A.V. What you need to know about voltage regulation. - Gosenergoizdat, I960.
4. Kolomoitsev K.V. Simple voltage regulator "Machinery and oil equipment". - M.: VNIIOENG, 1973. - No. 6.

Author: K.V. Kolomoitsev

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