Improvement of electric generators for mini-power plants. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources
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The creation of mini-power plants is one of the most useful hobbies of craftsmen and radio amateurs. This lesson did not bypass the authors of this article. Since the problems are common, we decided to share our findings.
Switching the generator windings from a triangle or a double star to a single one [1] increases the voltage, respectively, by 31/2 or 2 times. The power does not increase. And yet there are simple ways to increase power by 10 ... 12% due to better cooling. You can increase the power by another 10 ... 12% by introducing a midpoint grounding generator into the circuit using two powerful diodes (Fig. 1, highlighted with a thick line). This idea is borrowed from [2].
Today, the problem of increasing power is not as relevant as the problem of running a generator at low speeds. The generator excitation system does not require a lot of power, but requires some EMF, the value of which is different for different types of generators and is expressed in voltage at the ends of the excitation winding. It turned out that in most cases a few volts are enough to start the independent operation of the generator (self-excitation). By adding two powerful germanium transistors to the generator circuit, connected to work as diodes (Fig. 2), and two electrolytic capacitors (Fig. 3, highlighted in bold), it was possible to create a very sensitive voltage doubler to provoke early self-excitation.
This idea gave rise to another idea for increasing the voltage delivered to a low-power load: shunt the remaining 4 diodes of the Larionov rectifier with electrolytic capacitors (Fig. 4) and replace (or shunt) silicon diodes with germanium or powerful Schottky diodes. But, we repeat, these ideas (Fig. 3 and 4) are not designed to double the generator power.
To increase power, increase the diameter of the wind wheel and the wind speed. The latter can be done with the help of wind dams [3] or other air flow straighteners, as well as by raising the WPP to a great height.
We found the dam described in [3] already finished. It turned out to be a crossroads, the sides of which were planted with poplars. The wind speed at the crossroads turned out to be 2 times higher than in an open field, which, according to the Zhukovsky formula, gives an increase in power by 8 times!
The main reserve for increasing the power of wind farms is also the use of not only kinetic (static, thermal) energy, but also potential. However, the future of wind farms lies with the mass character, therefore, when improving generators, the main attention should be paid to adapting automobile generators to operate at low speeds and reducing energy losses during current transmission to mini-power lines, mainly by increasing the voltage.
References:
- Bearded Yu. Changing the characteristics of generators without rewinding their windings / / Elektrik. - 2002. No. 10. - p.6.
- Sosnin D., Feshchenko A. Generators//Repair and service. - 1999. - No. 4. - P.51.
- Makarenko N.G., Makarenko A.N. Wind Dam//Electric. - 2001. - No. 6. - P.18.
Authors: P. Fenyak, Yu. Borodaty
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