Powerful engine speed controller. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electric motors
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You can regulate the speed of a DC electric motor by changing the voltage on it using a simple regulator assembled on a single transistor. This circumstance is easily implemented for low-power electric motors, since the current consumption is small. If it becomes necessary to regulate the voltage for a sufficiently powerful motor, then the power dissipation on the transistor can become significant, so large heatsinks and sufficiently powerful transistors will have to be used.
There is another way to regulate the voltage on the motor by the method of phase-pulse modulation. The motor is supplied with full voltage with a variable duty cycle.
The diagrams shown in Fig. 1 correspond to 10% of the voltage on the motor, and in Fig. 2 - 90%. Thus, the actual voltage on the motor changes, which affects the speed of rotation of the rotor.
The simplest way to change the duty cycle of the pulse at a constant frequency is to use a voltage-phase converter made on the integrated timer KR1006VI1 (Fig. 3).
The frequency of the generator can be changed over a wide range of capacitance C1. To improve the opening of the transistor VT1, you can reduce the resistance of the resistor R3 to 56 ... 120 Ohms, you only need to make sure that the load current at pin 3 (D1) does not exceed 100 mA. The supply voltage of the device can be changed over a wide range from 4,5 to 16,5 V.
The PCB drawing is shown in Figure 4.
In conclusion, it is worth noting that both methods of adjusting the engine speed have an unpleasant side: as the engine speed decreases, the power also decreases. In order to prevent this from happening, it is necessary to introduce feedback, which will not only stabilize the rotor speed, but also compensate for the loss of power.
Author: S.M. Abramov
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