Charger for rural workshop. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Charger for rural workshop. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Chargers, batteries, galvanic cells

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Batteries are now available on almost any equipment (cars, tractors, combines, etc.). This huge mobile economy requires well-charged serviceable batteries. In villages, on many farms, chargers have become unusable or are old, constantly breaking devices. There is also a third category - surrogate products based on welding with a rectifier. These devices, as a rule, do not have normal voltage, adjustment, and also an ammeter (sometimes there is an automobile one). Often, exercises are carried out by random persons who have a very remote idea about it. As a result, batteries fail much earlier than expected. As a rule, there is no money to buy new chargers. What is the way out?

There are two options left: 1) go to another farm; 2) compose something of your own. But, as you know, you won't get far on someone else's. Making your own normal charger is not a problem, since there are more than enough circuits, but everything depends on finances. When creating the proposed charger, the following tasks were set: 1) complete rejection of purchased products; 2) the creation of a reliable, as simple as possible charger, invulnerable to incompetent maintenance; 3) make a charger from parts available in agriculture.

The charger circuit is shown in the figure. Its basis is a three-phase transformer IV-4 for an output voltage of 36 V. It is used in workshops, garages and other premises for safe lighting.

(click to enlarge)

Before use, the transformer was disassembled. The middle coil has been removed. At the two extremes, the primary winding is left unchanged, and the secondary is removed. A new secondary winding was made, and the number of turns per 1 V was determined experimentally.

Since the wire of the secondary winding is quite thick, it is difficult to make taps with the wire itself. To do this, the branch section was cleaned, a tin-plated tin plate folded in half was soldered to it. All exposed areas were isolated with release paper. A flexible stranded wire is soldered to the other end of the plate.

Alteration of the transformer is the most time-consuming part of the work. In the presented circuit, two transformer coils work in pairs for one load. This is due to the fact that the maximum current for which the windings are designed is 16 A. And the charger is designed for a maximum current of 20 A. Therefore, one coil cannot provide the maximum operating mode, and with two coils the device remains underloaded, which has a positive effect on its reliability.

Switches SA2 and SA3 are self-made, each consists of two rows of M6 bolts fixed on a textolite plate. The bolts are closed with a copper jumper. For synchronous switching, the jumpers are connected via an insulating plate. In connection with the installation of a homemade switch, control lamps HL2 and HL3 were installed. BPV-4-45 brand rectifiers from a car generator were used as diode bridges. This is a completely finished assembly, which consists of three diodes of direct polarity and three reverse ones. Each diode can withstand current up to 10 A. These blocks are very reliable. In generators that have become unusable, they are quite serviceable.

Voltmeter PV1 is installed to control the mains voltage. This is due to the fact that the rural power grid is unstable, and in order to properly assess the charging process, you need to know the mains voltage. HL1 - indicator lamp for turning on the network (switch SA1). QF1 - circuit breaker.

The presence of an ammeter PA1 and a voltmeter PV1 is mandatory in powerful chargers. The VD5 diode and the HL4 light bulb are installed to signal the wrong polarity of connecting the battery to the charger. Any suitable buzzer can be installed in parallel with the light bulb.

After the mains switch, a magnetic starter K1 is installed. In a non-working state, its contacts K1.1 disconnect the battery from the charger.

Voltmeter PV2 allows you to control the voltage on the battery. The QF2 circuit breaker protects the charger from overload.

The described charger has been working for 6 years, and there were no complaints about its work.

Author: S.M. Usenko

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