Symmetrical level converter - voltage stabilizer. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
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To stabilize the voltage, regardless of its sign, symmetrical zener diodes are used. Such semiconductor devices are usually obtained by the counter-connection of two identical asymmetric zener diodes. A typical circuit for switching on a symmetrical zener diode is shown in Fig. 1.
Symmetrical zener diodes are used to stabilize the level of AC and DC voltages, symmetrically limit the level of low-frequency signals of relatively high amplitude.
The disadvantage of symmetrical zener diodes is the low stability of the output voltage when the input level changes, as well as the low load capacity. At the same time, these problems can be solved by using a bipolar voltage regulator, the circuit of which is shown in Fig. 2.
As a reference, which sets the initial stabilization voltage level, a conventional symmetrical VD3 zener diode is used. The stabilized voltage taken from the zener diode VD3 is supplied to the bases of powerful pnp and npn structure transistors (VT1 and VT2). Diodes VD1 and VD2 are designed to activate the transistor of a particular structure in accordance with the polarity of the voltage supplied to the device.
The load characteristic of a bipolar voltage regulator is shown in Fig.3.
The circuit uses transistors VT1 type KT837M, VT2 type KT805AM, diodes VD1, VD2 type KD226B, VD3 type KS162, resistor R1 with a resistance of 1,2 kOhm. In the practical implementation of the circuit, the current transfer coefficients of transistors (including composite ones) must be the same. These transistors must be mounted on a heat sink plate.
Author: M.A. Shustov
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