Electronic engraving on wooden materials. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Electronic engraving on wooden materials. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Ham Radio Technologies

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The use of high-frequency current at high voltage for electronic engraving makes it possible to engrave with very thin strokes both on wood, bone, and on other charring materials. The engraving process is based on the passage of high-frequency currents (80 kHz and higher) through small parasitic capacitances between the cutter and the material, as a result of which an electric arc occurs between the cutter tip and the engraved surface. The engraving process provides great opportunities and requires less effort than burning.

The source of high-frequency current is a generator, the electrical circuit of which is shown in the figure.

(click to enlarge)

The master oscillator is assembled on transistors VT1 and VT2. Transistor VT1 provides amplification of the feedback signal taken from the resistor R2. The oscillation frequency is determined by the input and output conductance of the transistors VT1 and VT2 and the inductance of the coil L1. The change in the generation frequency occurs due to a change in the conductivity of the transistors when the supply voltage changes. The master oscillator is powered by an adjustable voltage regulator based on transistors VT5 and VT6. By changing the output voltage of the stabilizer with resistor R12, we adjust the frequency of the generated oscillations from 80 to 150 kHz. The signal from the master oscillator through the emitter follower on the transistor VT3 is fed to the output stage on the transistor VT4, in the collector circuit of which the primary winding of the transformer T2 is turned on. Voltage from the secondary winding is applied to the cutter.

The cutter is a rod with a sharply honed end, inserted into a holder made of PTFE or other material. The lower end of the secondary winding of the transformer T2 is connected to the metal electrode 2 through the capacitor C5, which protects against short circuit mode when the cutter 1 touches the electrode 2 to excite the arc. By turning on the VD1 diode, there will be negative high-frequency voltage pulses on the cutter, which form an arc through parasitic capacitances in the material.

Power transformer T1 - type TPP261-220-50, coil L1 - choke DM0,1 450 μH, electrolytic capacitors C2 and C8 of type K50-6 for 25 V, and C4, C6 and C7 for 50 V. Transformer T2 is made on a core from line-scan transformer TVS-90LTs5. The primary winding contains 28 turns of PEL-2-0,8 mm wire, the secondary - 550 turns of PEL-2-0,3 mm wire. The secondary winding is wound in layers, the layers are separated by spacers of insulating paper. The finished coil is impregnated with paraffin.

Setting up a generator comes down to setting the optimal frequency at which the generator delivers the most power and works stably. The engraved product is pressed against a metal electrode, a cutter is brought up, an arc is formed, and the necessary generator power is set with resistor R5, depending on the thickness of the applied strokes. Care must be taken when operating the generator.

Author: V.F. Yakovlev

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