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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Electric shocker 80 kV. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Personal safety The device is designed for active self-defense by exposing the attacker to a high-voltage discharge. The scheme makes it possible to obtain a voltage of up to 80 kV at the output contacts, which leads to air breakdown and the formation of an electric arc between the contact electrodes. Since a limited current flows when touching the electrodes, there is no threat to human life. Due to its small size, the electroshock device can be used as an individual security device or work as part of a security system for the active protection of a metal object (safe, metal door, door lock, etc.). In addition, the design is so simple that it does not require the use of industrial equipment for manufacturing, everything is easily done at home. A simpler stun gun was previously published in [1]. In the device diagram (Fig. 1), a pulse voltage converter is assembled on a transistor VT1 and a transformer T1.
The oscillator operates at a frequency of 30 kHz, and in the secondary winding (3) of the transformer T1, after rectification by diodes, a constant voltage of about 4 ... 800 V is released on the capacitor C1000. The second transformer (T2) allows you to further increase the voltage to the desired value. It works in impulse mode. This is ensured by adjusting the gap in the arrester F1 so that the breakdown of air occurs at a voltage of 600...750 V. As soon as the voltage across the capacitor C4 (in the process of charging) reaches this value, the discharge of the capacitor passes through .1 and the primary winding T2. The energy stored on the capacitor C4 (transferred to the secondary winding of the transformer) is determined from the expression: W = 0,5CUС 2 = 0,5 x 0,25 x 10-6 x 7002 = 0,061 J, where Uc is the voltage across the capacitor (V), C is the capacitance of the capacitor C4 (F). Similar industrial devices have approximately the same charge energy or slightly less. The circuit is powered by four D-0,26 batteries and consumes a current of not more than 100 mA. The circuit elements marked with a dotted line are a transformerless charger from a 220 V network. A cord with two corresponding plugs is used to connect the recharge mode. The HL1 LED is an indicator of the presence of voltage in the network, and the VD3 diode prevents the batteries from discharging through the charger circuits if it is not connected to the network. Details: MLT type resistors, capacitors C1 type K73-17V for 400 V, C2 - K5016 for 25 V, C3 - K10-17, C4 - MBM for 750 V or type K42U-2 for 630 V. High-voltage capacitor (C4) of others It is not recommended to use types, since it has to work in a hard mode (discharge by almost a short circuit), which only these series can withstand for a long time. The diode bridge VD1 can be replaced by four diodes of the KD102B type, and VD4 and VD5 by six series-connected diodes KD102B. Switch SA1 type PD9-1 or PD9-2. The transformers are self-made and the winding in them begins with the secondary winding. The manufacturing process will require accuracy and a winding device. Transformer T1 is made on a dielectric frame (Fig. 2), inserted into the B26 armor core made of ferrite M2000NM1 (M1500NM1).
It contains 1 - 6 turns in the winding, 2 - 20 turns with a PELSHO wire with a diameter of 0,18 mm (0,12 ... 0,23 mm), in a winding of 3 - 1800 turns with a PEL wire with a diameter of 0,1 mm. When winding the 3rd winding, it is necessary to lay capacitor dielectric paper every 400 turns, and impregnate the layers with capacitor or transformer oil. After winding the coil, it is inserted into the ferrite cups and the joint is glued (after making sure that it works). The coil leads are filled with heated paraffin or wax. During installation, it is necessary to observe the polarity of the phases of the transformer windings indicated in the diagram (Fig. 1). The high-voltage transformer T2 is made on transformer iron plates assembled in a package (Fig. 3).
Since the magnetic field in the coil is not closed, the design eliminates the magnetization of the core. The winding is performed turn to turn (first the secondary winding is wound) 2 - 1800 ... 2000 turns with PEL wire with a diameter of 0,08 ... 0,12 mm (in four layers), 1 - 20 turns with a diameter of 0,35 mm. Interlayer insulation is best done with several turns of thin (0,1 mm) fluoroplastic tape, but capacitor paper is also suitable (it can be obtained from high-voltage non-polar capacitors). After winding the windings, the transformer is filled with epoxy glue. It is advisable to add a few drops of condenser oil (plasticizer) to the adhesive before pouring and mix well. At the same time, there should be no air bubbles in the filling mass of the adhesive. And for the convenience of pouring, it will be necessary to make a cardboard frame (55x23x20 mm in size) according to the dimensions of the transformer, where the sealing is performed. A transformer made in this way provides a voltage amplitude of more than 90000 V in the secondary winding, but it is not recommended to turn it on without a protective arrester F2, since a breakdown inside the coil is possible at this voltage. The protective arrester is made of two bare wires located at a distance of 20...24 mm. The design of the electrodes X2, X3 and the arrester F2 is shown in Fig.4.
Structural elements are mounted on side plates made of Plexiglas 5...6 mm thick. As electrodes X2 and X3, you can use rods from connectors for high current, for example, from the ShR series. Figure 5 shows a view of the design of the arrester F1.
As a material, it is better to take nickel-plated copper plates (this ensures a higher resistance of the arrester to destruction by an arc). The thickness of the plates can be any. The breakdown voltage of the air is approximately 3 kV per mm (depending on humidity and atmospheric pressure), so the gap of the arrester F1 will be approximately 0,1 ... 0,2 mm (adjustable during setup). It is also better to make the SB1 power button on your own - this allows you to take into account the design features of the case. It is made of mild steel or copper tape with a thickness of approximately 0,5 mm (Fig. 6).
All parts of the circuit, except for the SA1 switch, are placed on a single-sided printed circuit board (Fig. 7) made of fiberglass 1 ... 1,5 mm thick (130x55 mm in size).
The board of the same dimensions is used as a cover and fastening element for the SA1 switch, as well as batteries. The batteries are placed two by two in cardboard cups, glued according to their size (diameter) and spring-loaded to the main board with petals attached to the cover. The parts are soldered on the side of the printed conductors, which makes it possible to reduce the thickness of the device case. Transformers T1 and T2 are glued to the board with epoxy glue. A general view of the assembly of the entire structure (without a casing) is shown in Fig. 8.
On a frame formed from two boards fixed with four screws (with a countersunk cap), a cardboard casing is wrapped and glued (it must be removed with the back wall removed). To give an attractive appearance, the casing is wrapped with a self-adhesive film in the color of a tree. At the location of the SA1 button, a hole is made in the casing, and an overlay made of thin (1 ... 2 mm) slotted plastic is glued to the side face. A rubber liner is glued inside the flexible part of the plate, but in such a way that it does not interfere with putting the casing on the frame. Setting up the circuit consists in obtaining (by resistor R4) a stable start and operation of the oscillator when powered by a stationary source with a voltage of 3,9 to 5 V. When setting up the circuit, it is better to use the power supply in 1 A current limit mode - this will prevent damage to VT1 in case erroneous connection of the phase of the primary winding T1 or the absence of auto-generation mode for another reason. After that, using an oscilloscope with a divider, we measure the voltage across the capacitor C4 and select the gap in the arrester F1 so that it does not exceed the level of 650 ... 750 V. A few words about the operation of the device. When transferring an electric shock, it is better to use the SA1 switch to remove power - this will prevent the device from working if the SB1 button is accidentally pressed, for example, in your pocket. It is not recommended to turn on the electric shock in high humidity conditions, so as not to get under the voltage of the arc discharge yourself. In addition, since a heat sink is not installed for the VT1 transistor (there is no free space in the case), it is not recommended to turn on the device for continuous operation for more than 1 minute (usually this is not necessary). You should also be aware that ordinary clothing is not an obstacle to the penetration of the arc. References:
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