Recommendations for reducing wasteful energy consumption. Scheme, description

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Recommendations for reducing wasteful energy consumption. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electricity for beginners

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Up to 400 types of household appliances are used in everyday life, it is impossible to imagine life without them. Power engineers talk about the morning and evening peaks in electricity consumption, it is during these hours that many electrical appliances are turned on. In total, up to 30% of the generated electricity is spent for household needs in Ukraine. This is also a significant expense from the family budget. The table shows data on the consumption of electricity by various electrical appliances per apartment.

Recommendations for reducing wasteful energy consumption

A large amount of electricity in everyday life is spent on lighting the premises. To reduce it, you need to use local lighting for each functional area. Where possible, more economical fluorescent lamps should be used instead of incandescent lamps, or low wattage energy-saving lamps. Rational placement of general and local lighting in the room can reduce costs by 200 kWh per year. Pollution of lamps and shades worsens lighting by 10-15%, and dirty windows - by 30%. Their timely washing gives a good economic and aesthetic effect.

Electric stoves consume a lot of electricity. To reduce energy consumption, food is cooked in cast-iron or steel stamped utensils, covered with enamel over the entire surface, except for the bottom.

The bottom should be thick (5-7 mm), even and dry. Otherwise, the overexpenditure of energy will be 40-60%. The stove must be turned on when placing dishes on the burner, and turned off before the end of cooking.

To reduce the energy consumption of the refrigerator, it is necessary to defrost it in a timely manner, monitor the condition of the door seal, and do not keep it open for a long time.

It must be remembered that opening the refrigerator and thinking about what to take there, you spend money, the amount of which is commensurate with the cost of food. Therefore, it is better to first remember what is where in the refrigerator, and then open it.

You can significantly reduce energy consumption if you turn off the light every time you leave the room. When buying new electrical appliances, you should pay attention to the power of the device and purchase appliances that, with the same consumer properties, consume less electricity. The price difference will pay off sooner or later.

Recently, the quality of water in urban water supply has deteriorated. In practice, the water is now only chlorinated. Therefore, most of us boil tap water, which consumes a large amount of energy. It is more efficient and beneficial to use modern filters that allow you to completely purify water at home.

Thermal energy

Thermal energy, which is used in housing and communal services for heating and water heating, is generated on the basis of burning energy carriers. The problem of heating is due to the fact that our houses have low energy efficiency, consume a significant amount of energy due to poor thermal insulation. Most apartments have central heating and regulation of heat consumption is unattainable for many. But you can still get some savings. Below is a list of possible heat saving measures.

1. Close curtains at night, use blinds. We are talking about short curtains that do not cover the radiator battery. The fact is that a large amount of heat is lost through the window, so closing the window, you partially retain heat.

2. Thermostat to zero. If your apartment is equipped with individual meters and heat supply regulators (thermostats), you can turn off the heat supply when leaving for work or at night. Doctors believe that sleeping in a cool room is more beneficial than in a warm one. In unused rooms, the temperature should be lowered (but not lower than 13-15°C).

3. Free up space around radiators. Excessively long curtains and furniture near radiators significantly reduce the heating efficiency.

4. Close the doors of rooms and apartments tightly. Don't let the heat escape into the cracks.

5. Regulate a constant temperature in the apartment. Increasing the temperature in the apartment by 1°C increases energy costs by 6%. In living rooms, the temperature should be no higher than 21 ° C, in other rooms a few degrees lower. Install thermometers in all rooms. 6. Eliminate drafts. Approximately a quarter of the heat supplied to our apartments leaves with drafts. Carefully inspect the apartment (windows, doors, walls) and close the gaps.

7. Install the protective screen. An aluminum foil screen can be installed between the radiator battery and the wall. The foil reflects heat back into the room.

8. New window sill. The wider the window sill, the less heat escapes through the window. Therefore, if you are doing repairs in the apartment, think about replacing the window sill.

9. Heat on the balcony. You can save heat with a glazed balcony. This will reduce the influx of cold air from outside and the escape of warm air from inside.

10. New windows. Today, there is a large selection of so-called double-glazed windows on the market, i.e. weather resistant windows. They have an ultra-high degree of insulation, but are expensive.

11. Insulate walls, floor, ceiling. During a major apartment renovation, consider covering these elements of the room with insulating sheets.

12. Keep track of heat consumption. Meters provide the ability to control heat consumption. Space heating consumes a quarter of the energy resources consumed in the country. Up to 40% of the heat that enters the premises leaves through the windows. You can drastically reduce heat loss if you install a third glass on an additional frame in the windows for the winter. Seal carefully and seal gaps.

Water

In everyday life, several billion cubic meters of drinking water is consumed per year for household needs. At the same time, a fifth of the water goes into the sewer unused.

The causes are water leaks in poor-quality and defective plumbing systems. From one faulty tap flows from 0,5 to 1,5 cubic meters of water per day.

The lack of water is becoming more and more noticeable. In the future, a water meter will be installed in each apartment, which will help to drastically reduce its consumption. To save water, you need to maintain all shut-off and control valves in working order - change valves, seals, gaskets in time.

See other articles Section Electricity for beginners.

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