How does water conduct electricity? Scheme, description

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How does water conduct electricity? Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electricity for beginners

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There are two types of charge carriers in substances: electrons or ions. The movement of these charges creates an electric current. Metals are characterized by electronic conductivity. Violation of the crystal lattice makes it difficult for electrons to move (for example, when an impurity is added) and thereby increases the resistivity.

Liquids are characterized by ionic conductivity. Distilled water practically does not conduct electricity. But if you add a soluble salt to water, which dissociates into ions, then the more salt and the greater part of it decomposes into ions, the higher the conductivity of the solution. This is the first factor affecting the conductivity (ion concentration). Other factors: the charge of the ion (an ion with a charge of +3 carries three times more current than with a charge of +1); ion mobility (heavy ions move more slowly than light ions). A solution that conducts electricity is called an electrolyte.

A large number of factors affecting the electrolyte conductivity leads to the fact that this conductivity must be measured experimentally. Such measurements are absolutely necessary in assessing the quality of water, therefore, serial devices for measuring conductivity are produced for ecologists. Moreover, they produce jars with solutions that have standard conductivity (with an accuracy of 0,1%, while it is specified at what temperature such conductivity takes place).

Conductivity can be measured qualitatively in the setup shown in the figure.

How does water conduct electricity?

Holes are drilled in a plate of insulating material into which an LED and a resistor are fixed, to which a 9-volt battery is connected. The long leads of the LED and the resistor on one side can be lowered into the test solution. The conductivity of the solution is qualitatively estimated by the brightness of the LED. When the long leads are shorted, the LED lights up at maximum brightness (this is a check of the correct operation of the circuit).

This setup is safe to operate.

See other articles Section Electricity for beginners.

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