Acoustic electronic indicator of the degree of fatigue of the driver of the vehicle. Scheme, description

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Acoustic electronic indicator of the degree of fatigue of the driver of the vehicle. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Automobile. Electronic devices

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It is known that drivers falling asleep at the wheel of a vehicle causes up to 25% of accidents.

The current methods of monitoring the physiological state of the driver are based on the use of complex and expensive biotelemetric equipment, which is more suitable for scientific research. Of practical interest is the creation of easy-to-use and publicly available means of signaling the physiological state in real operating conditions of road transport.

For these purposes, an electronic acoustic signaling device has been developed, available for constructive reproduction by a novice radio amateur.

The principle of its operation is based on the phenomenon, established by physiologists, of reducing the force of compression by the driver of the steering wheel, which always accompanies the phenomenon of reducing the level of human wakefulness.

At the same time, the information and functionality capabilities of the development are very high and make it possible to ensure guaranteed prevention of accidents due to a decrease in the level of wakefulness of the driver of the vehicle below the limiting standards.

Acoustic electronic indicator of the degree of fatigue of the driver of the vehicle

Figure 1 shows a structural diagram (1 - steering wheel; 2 - steering wheel applicator in the form of a flat inductor; 3 - oscillation generator; 4 - comparator; 5 - sound signaling device).

The sensor of the device is made in the form of a flat inductor 2, which is the applicator of the steering wheel 1 (the inductor is fixed on the steering wheel with glue).

The circuit (Fig. 2) contains a generator made on a transistor VT1, a comparator implemented on an operational amplifier (op-amp) DA1, an electronic key on a transistor VT2 and an audio frequency generator made on transistors VT3 and VT4 according to an asymmetric multivibrator circuit, which makes it possible to reduce the total the number of parts included in the device circuit.

(click to enlarge)

Transistor VT1 is turned on in the generation mode and a change in the quality factor of the L1 circuit leads to a change in the operating mode of this transistor, which in turn leads to a change in the voltage drop across the resistor R3. This voltage is applied to the comparator, where it is compared with the reference voltage taken from the resistor R5 and applied to the inverting input of the op-amp. If the voltage at the non-inverting input of the op-amp becomes greater than at the inverting one, then the transistor VT2 is locked by the output voltage of the op-amp. When the force of compression by the driver of the steering wheel of the car reaches its minimum allowable value, the voltage at the non-inverting input becomes lower than at the inverting one, the transistor VT2 opens, and the supply voltage is applied to the sound generator. The buzzer threshold is set by resistor R5.

For the manufacture of the device, you can use fixed resistors of the MLT-0,125 W type; variable R8 type SP-3-22. Capacitor C1 type K10-23; C2 - K10-50; C3 - K50-40. Transistors VT1, VT2 and VT3 type KT361B or with any other letter index. Dynamic head VA1 - 0,5GD-17.

The L1 circuit is structurally made in the form of a spiral wound around the steering wheel rim with a PEL 0,9-1,0 wire. The number of turns is 62 with a tap from 27 turns.

The device was mounted on a board made of one-sided foil fiberglass 1...1,5 mm thick, 35x60 mm in size. One of the possible options for the location of the circuit elements and the drawing of the printed circuit board are shown in Fig.3.

Acoustic electronic indicator of the degree of fatigue of the driver of the vehicle

Thus, it is possible to convert the parameter of the steering wheel compression force by the driver into a functional electrical signal, and, accordingly, to ensure the receipt of timely signaling information about the decrease in this parameter below the permissible value. The proposed development does not require any structural changes to the vehicle control system, does not introduce an element of discomfort factors into the process of driving a vehicle. Receiving a sound signal at the moment of an unacceptable decrease in the steering wheel compression force by the driver makes it possible to prevent a pre-accident situation in a timely manner.

The scheme was tested in real conditions of operation of cars of various brands, while its practical significance was reliably confirmed in terms of preventing pre-accident situations during the onset of the stage of fatigue, pre-sleep state and other psychophysiological factors unfavorable for accident-free operation of vehicles.

Authors: R. V. Golovakha, G. A. Chausovsky, D. I. Levinzon

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