Recharging galvanic cells. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Chargers, batteries, galvanic cells
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Do not rush to throw away spent galvanic cells 373, 343, etc. Some of them can be restored by recharging with a pulsating current.
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The device is powered by any transformer with a winding with a voltage of 6,3 V. An HL incandescent lamp (6,3 V; 0,22 A) performs not only signal functions, but also limits the charging current of the element, and also protects the transformer in case of short circuits in the charge circuit. Zener diode VD1 type KS119A limits the charge voltage of the element. It can be replaced by a set of series-connected diodes - two silicon and one germanium - with an allowable average current of at least 100 mA. Diodes VD2 and VD3 - any silicon with the same allowable average current. The capacitance of the capacitor C is from 3 to 5 microfarads for an operating voltage of at least 16V.
A circuit of switch S1, control sockets X1, X2 for connecting a voltmeter, button S2 and resistor R with a resistance of 10 ohms serves to monitor the state of element E before and after recharging.
The state of the element is determined by the voltage without load and its decrease when a standard 10 ohm load is connected. The normal state corresponds to a voltage of at least 1,4 V and its decrease by no more than 0,2 V. Discharged cells without signs of electrolyte leakage, with an no-load voltage of at least 1 V, can be restored. Restored cells with reduced load capacity (voltage reduction more than 0,62 V when connecting a load of 1 Ohm) can work in electronic clocks, transistor receivers and other household appliances with low current consumption.
The voltage of the restored cell is usually in the range from 1,5 to 1,8 V. For all types of cells, the minimum required charge time does not exceed 8 hours. The degree of charge of the element can also be judged by the brightness of the HL lamp. Before connecting the element, it shines approximately half-heartedly; when a discharged element is connected, the brightness of the glow increases noticeably, and at the end of the charge cycle, connecting and disconnecting the element causes almost no change in brightness.
The number of recharging cycles is not limited, the element serves until the destruction of the zinc cup and the flow of electrolyte. When recharging elements such as STs-30, STs-21, etc. (for watches), it is necessary to connect a 300-500 Ohm resistor in series with the element.
Battery cells of type 336, etc. are charged in turn, to access each of them you need to open the cardboard bottom of the battery.
See other articles Section Chargers, batteries, galvanic cells.
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