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OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
Safety instructions for a carpenter
Occupational Safety and Health / Standard instructions for labor protection Safe Operation 1. General requirements for labor protection 1.1. The instructions apply to all departments of the enterprise. 1.2. The instruction was developed on the basis of DNAOP 0.00-8.03-93 "Procedure for the development and approval by the owner of regulations on labor protection operating within the enterprise", DNAOP 0.00-4.15-98 "Regulations on the development of instructions for labor protection", DNAOP 0.00-4.12-99 "Model regulation on training on labor protection". 1.3. The working tool of a carpenter can be: an ax, a hammer, tongs, a saw, a nail puller, an electrified tool, and so on. 1.4. According to these instructions, the carpenter is instructed before starting work (initial briefing), and then every 6 months (re-instruction). The results of the briefing are recorded in the "Journal of Instructions on Work Safety", in the log after the briefing must be signed by the instructing person and the carpenter. 1.5. The owner must insure the carpenter against accidents and occupational diseases. In case of damage to the health of the carpenter through the fault of the owner, he (the carpenter) has the right to compensation for the harm caused to him. 1.6. For non-compliance with this instruction, the carpenter bears disciplinary, material, administrative and criminal liability. 1.7. Persons who have the appropriate qualifications, have passed a medical examination, an introductory briefing on labor protection and briefing at the workplace are allowed to perform carpentry work. 1.8. The integrated team carpenter must be instructed and trained in safe practices for all types of work that he performs. 1.9. The carpenter must: 1.9.1. Comply with internal labor regulations. 1.9.2. Use the issued overalls, safety shoes and personal protective equipment. 1.9.3. While on the construction site, wear a protective helmet. 1.9.4. Do not allow unauthorized persons into your workplace. 1.9.5. Perform only the work for which he has been instructed and assigned by the work manager. 1.9.6. Do not follow instructions and orders that are contrary to the rules of labor protection. 1.9.7. Remember personal responsibility for the implementation of labor protection rules and the safety of colleagues. 1.9.8. Provide first aid to victims of accidents. 1.9.9. Keep your workplace clean and tidy, do not clutter it up. 1.10. The main harmful and dangerous production factors that can affect a carpenter:
1.11. While working with electrified tools, the carpenter must have a certificate that would certify that he knows their device and the rules for safe operation. 1.12. To work on woodworking machines, carpenters are allowed not younger than 18 years old, trained according to a special program, having a training certificate and instructed in safe working methods on any of them. Near each machine there should be instructions for its safe operation. 1.13. The carpenter is provided with overalls:
1.14. To carry and store tools, nails, and other small items, the carpenter should use an individual bag, a portable hand box. The cutting parts of the tool should be protected with covers. 1.15. It is forbidden to carry out carpentry work at unenclosed workplaces located at a height of 1,3 m or more above the ground or ceiling, in unlit or dark places. 1.16. The handles of hand tools must be made of hard and tough wood. Tools must be in good condition and tightly fitted on the handles. It is forbidden to use a hand tool that has potholes and chips; there should be no burrs and sharp edges on the side faces in the places where they are clamped by hands; on the wooden surfaces of the handles there should be no knots, burrs, cracks; the surface should be smooth, there should be no hardening. 1.17. Storage of materials: 1.17.1. Round timber - in a stack no more than 1,5 m high with spacers between the rows and the establishment of stops against rolling, the height of the stack should not exceed its width. 1.17.2. Lumber - in a stack, the height of which, when stacked in rows, is not more than half the width of the stack, and when stacked in a cage, not more than the width of the stack. Passages between stacks - not less than 1 m. 1.18. It is forbidden to rest materials and products on fences and elements of temporary and permanent structures. 1.19. Slinging of materials and products that are stacked by lifting mechanisms can be performed by a carpenter who has a slinger's certificate. 1.20. Burning is allowed only in certain places. 1.21. Wood preservative work (preparation of the mixture, as well as loading, unloading and unpacking of chemical materials) can be performed by persons at least 18 years old who have undergone special training and instruction. 1.22. Workers with cuts, cracks and wounds on their skin are not allowed to process wood. 1.23. Antiseptics should be performed using rubber gloves, goggles, respirators and gas masks. 2. Safety requirements before starting work 2.1. Before starting work, the carpenter must inspect the workplace, remove unnecessary materials, objects, clear passages and prepare tools and fixtures for work. 2.2. The hand tool is checked visually; special attention is paid to the density of its nozzle on the handles and sharpening. 2.3. Put in order overalls, personal protective equipment. 2.4. Check for adequate lighting. 2.5. Get a task from the work manager. 3. Safety requirements during work 3.1. The cutting of wood should be done from the right side in the direction from the base to the top, while it becomes necessary that the right leg is as far away from the wood as possible. During hewing with an ax, the processed wood must be on the lining, which excludes its unauthorized shift and rolling. 3.2. Material handling must be carried out on a rigid basis (ground, floor). It is forbidden to perform these works on the flooring of scaffolding and scaffolding. They only allow assembly, installation and fitting of parts. 3.3. When carrying lumber (logs, bars) by hand, the carriers must be of the same height and carry the bar, the log only on the right or on the left shoulder. It is necessary to remove from the shoulders or lower the raised materials at the same time on command and onto the prepared site. 3.4. From logs and boards from the dismantling of wooden structures, scaffolding, platforms, it is necessary to remove staples, bend nails. 3.5. When arranging scaffolding, scaffolding and other means of scaffolding, the carpenter must be guided by the drawings received from the work manager, the work execution plan (PWR). 3.6. Scaffolding and scaffolding should be installed on a planned site, on dense (uncut) wooden linings with a thickness of at least 5 cm, placed under each pair of risers perpendicular to the wall of the building. It is not allowed to level the lining with bricks, stones, pieces, boards. 3.7. Fencing structures should consist of risers, planed railings located at a height of at least 1,1 m from the working platform, one intermediate element and a side board with a height of at least 15 cm. The width of the platform on scaffolding and platforms should be at least 2 m - for stone 1,5 m - for plastering, 1 m - for painting and installation work. Flooring on scaffolding and scaffolding should have a flat surface with a gap between the boards of no more than 5 mm. Connection of shields is allowed only along their length, and the ends of the joined elements must be on the support and overlap it by at least 0,2 m in each direction. When constructing scaffolding, the gap between the working floor and the wall of the building should be: for masonry - 50 mm, for finishing work - 150 mm. 3.8. Scaffolding is fastened in accordance with the PVR. 3.9. It is forbidden to fasten scaffolding to parapets, cornices, pipes, balconies and other protruding structures of the building. 3.10. To fix pits, trenches up to 3 m deep in soils of natural moisture (except sandy), boards with a thickness of at least 40 mm are used, and in sandy soils with high humidity - at least 50 mm, laying them behind vertical racks in a butt to the ground with fastening to racks. Mounting racks should be installed in accordance with the PVR, but at least every 1 m; under the ends of the strut (top and bottom) it is necessary to nail the bosses. It is allowed to produce the upper fastening boards above the edges of the trenches by at least 15 cm. 3.11. During work on a wooden basis, roofs that work, in addition to the warning belt, are provided with special peaks (stops), which, like the protective belt, are attached to reliable parts of the building with a rope (as directed by the work manager). 3.12. Dismantling of plank fastenings of pits and trenches is carried out from the bottom up. The number of simultaneously removed boards in height should not exceed three, and in loose and unstable soils - one board. Mounting disassembly must be carried out in the presence of the work supervisor. 3.13. It is forbidden to carry out work on the roof from scaffolding and structures during icy conditions, thick fog, heavy rain, thunderstorms, snowfall at a wind speed of 15 m/s or more. 3.14. Construction debris may be lowered from the roof, ceiling, scaffolding only through closed gutters or in closed boxes, containers using cranes and lifts. 4. Safety requirements after finishing work 4.1. Disconnect machines, power tools, equipment from the mains. 4.2. Remove construction debris from work area. 4.3. When working on machines, wipe and lubricate the rubbing parts (with the machine disconnected from the mains). 4.4. Wipe the tool, put it in the inventory box. 4.5. Fold overalls, personal protective equipment in the place provided for them. 4.6. Wash hands, face with soap, take a shower if possible. 5. Safety requirements in emergency situations 5.1. The causes of an emergency situation that can lead to an accident are: violation of labor protection rules during the construction of scaffolding, platforms; performance of formwork works in violation of the PVR; violation of the rules for the protection of work during the cutting of wood; malfunction of hand and electrified tools; lack, malfunction or non-use of personal protective equipment, etc. 5.2. In the event of an accident or a situation that could lead to an accident or an accident, it is necessary to stop the machine (if the carpenter worked on it), disconnect it from the mains, in all cases, secure the danger zone, and prevent unauthorized persons from accessing it; report what happened to the supervisor. 5.3. If there are victims, provide them with first aid; if necessary, call an ambulance. 5.4. First aid in case of accidents. 5.4.1. First aid for electric shock. In case of electric shock, it is necessary to immediately release the victim from the action of electric current by disconnecting the electrical installation from the power source, and if it is impossible to disconnect it, pull it away from the conductive parts by clothing or using insulating material at hand. If the victim has no breathing and pulse, it is necessary to give him artificial respiration and indirect (indirect) heart massage, paying attention to the pupils. Dilated pupils indicate a sharp deterioration in the blood circulation of the brain. In this state of recovery, it is necessary to start immediately, and then call an ambulance. 5.4.2. First aid for injury. To provide first aid in case of injury, it is necessary to open an individual package, apply a sterile dressing material that is in it to the wound and bandage it with a bandage. If there is somehow no individual package, then a clean handkerchief, a clean linen rag, etc. must be used for dressing. On the place of the dressing that falls directly on the wound, it is advisable to drip a few drops of tincture of iodine in order to get a spot larger than the wound, and then apply a bandage to the wound. It is especially important to apply tincture of iodine in this way for contaminated wounds. 5.4.3. First aid for fractures, dislocations, shocks. In case of fractures and dislocations of the limbs, it is necessary to strengthen the damaged limb with a splint, plywood plate, stick, cardboard or other similar object. The injured arm can also be hung with a bandage or handkerchief from the neck and bandaged to the torso. In case of a skull fracture (unconsciousness after a blow to the head, bleeding from the ears or mouth), it is necessary to apply a cold object to the head (a heating pad with ice, snow or cold water) or make a cold lotion. If a fracture of the spine is suspected, it is necessary to put the victim on the board, without lifting him, turn the victim on his stomach, face down, while observing that the body does not bend, in order to avoid damage to the spinal cord. In case of a fracture of the ribs, a sign of which is pain during breathing, coughing, sneezing, movements, it is necessary to tightly bandage the chest or pull it off with a towel during exhalation. 5.4.4. First aid for burns with acids and alkali. If acid or alkali gets on the skin, the damaged areas must be thoroughly rinsed with a stream of water for 15-20 minutes, after which the acid-damaged surface should be washed with a 5% solution of baking soda, and the burned with alkali - with a 3% solution of boric acid or an acetic solution. acids. If acid or alkali gets on the mucous membrane of the eyes, it is necessary to thoroughly rinse the eyes with a stream of water for 15-20 minutes, then rinse with a 2% solution of baking soda, and if the eyes are damaged by alkali, with a 2% solution of boric acid. In case of burns of the oral cavity with alkali, it is necessary to rinse with a 3% solution of acetic acid or a 3% solution of boric acid, for acid burns - with a 5% solution of baking soda. If acid enters the respiratory tract, it is necessary to breathe a 10% solution of baking soda sprayed with a spray gun, if alkali enters, a sprayed 3% solution of acetic acid. 5.4.5. First aid for thermal burns. In case of burns with fire, steam, hot objects, in no case should you open the formed blisters and bandage the burns with a bandage. For first-degree burns (redness), the burned area is treated with cotton wool soaked in ethyl alcohol. For second-degree burns (blisters), the burned area is treated with alcohol or a 3% manganese solution or a 5% tannin solution. For third-degree burns (destruction of skin tissue), the wound is covered with a sterile bandage, call a doctor. 5.4.6. First aid for bleeding. 5.4.6.1. Raise the injured limb up 5.4.6.2. Close the wound with a dressing (from a bag) folded into a ball, press it from above, without touching the wound itself, hold for 4-5 minutes. If the bleeding stops without removing the applied material, put another pad from another bag or a piece of cotton on top of it and bandage the wounded area (with some pressure). 5.4.6.3. In case of severe bleeding that cannot be stopped with a bandage, compression of the blood vessels that feed the wounded area is applied by bending the limb at the joints, as well as with fingers, a tourniquet or a clamp. In case of heavy bleeding, you should immediately call a doctor. 5.5. If a fire occurs, you must call the fire department and start extinguishing with the available fire extinguishing equipment. 5.6. In all cases, it is necessary to follow the instructions of the head of work to eliminate the consequences of the accident.
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