Simple power regulator. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Power regulators, thermometers, heat stabilizers
Comments on the article
The main advantage of power regulators, in which the switching of trinistors occurs at the moment the mains voltage passes through zero, is a low level of interference. To simplify the circuit, these regulators use stepwise regulation of the output power.
In the device described below, a variable resistor is used as a control element. The number of control steps can be changed from four to sixteen with a resolution of 25 to 6,25%, respectively. The minimum of switching interference in the entire range of power regulation ensures the inclusion of the trinistor at an instantaneous mains voltage of about 5 V.
A schematic diagram of an eight-stage power controller (i.e., with a resolution of 12,5%) is shown in fig. 1, timing diagrams - in fig. 2 Pulses with a repetition rate of 100 Hz form a diode bridge VD5 ... VD8, a circuit R4VD3R3 and an element DD2.1 from the mains voltage, and the frequency divider DD1 lowers it to 12,5 Hz. To change the discreteness of regulation, it is necessary to increase (or decrease) the division factor of the divider and by the same number of times, respectively, change the value of the capacitance C1.
Fig.1. Schematic diagram of the power regulator
Fig.2. Timing diagrams
Pulses from the divider switch the RS flip-flop on the elements DD2.2, DD2.3. The voltage at pin 6 of the DD2.3 element will increase exponentially. When a single signal appears on this pin, the trigger will be set to zero (on pin 4 of the DD2.3 element - signal 0). At pin 10 of element DD2.4 there will be a high level signal that will open transistor VT1 and trinistor VS1. The switching of the RS flip-flop to the zero state will occur at the moment when the mains voltage passes through zero. When a single voltage appears at pin 5 of the DD1 counter, capacitor C1 starts charging through the R2VD2R1 circuit. When a low level signal appears at the output of the counter DD1, the capacitor C1 starts to discharge through the circuit R2-VD1-R1. The voltage at the input of the element DD2.3 decreases, and when it becomes less than the threshold, the trigger will stop switching. Thus, by adjusting the ratio of the charging and discharging rate of the capacitor C2 with resistor R1, they change the number of pulses arriving at the base of the transistor VT1, thereby adjusting the power in the load from zero (the engine of the resistor R2 in the upper position according to the circuit) to 100% (the engine in the lower position).
On the decline of the pulse at pin 6 of the DD2.3 element, the RS flip-flop returns to its original state, and the transistor VT1 closes. The trinistor VS1 will close when the load current becomes less than the holding current of the trinistor, i.e. at a moment close to the transition of the mains voltage through zero.
The device used resistors MLT-0,125, R2 - SP-1. Resistor R4 is made up of four MLT-2 resistors connected in parallel. Capacitor C1 - KM-5b, C2 - K50-16. Diodes VD5 ... VD8 - silicon with a reverse voltage of at least 300 V and an average forward current of 10 A. The printed circuit board of the device is shown in fig. 3.
Fig.3. Regulator printed circuit board
The tuning process can be controlled by an incandescent lamp connected to the output of the device. However, it should be taken into account that for 4-, 8- and 16-step regulators, the current switching frequency in the load will be 25, 12.5, 6.25 Hz, respectively, therefore, only devices with close thermal inertia (soldering irons, electric stoves, etc.) can be used as a load. .)
Author: S. Zolotarev, Dobrush; Publication: radioradar.net
See other articles Section Power regulators, thermometers, heat stabilizers.
Read and write useful comments on this article.
<< Back
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
Machine for thinning flowers in gardens
02.05.2024
In modern agriculture, technological progress is developing aimed at increasing the efficiency of plant care processes. The innovative Florix flower thinning machine was presented in Italy, designed to optimize the harvesting stage. This tool is equipped with mobile arms, allowing it to be easily adapted to the needs of the garden. The operator can adjust the speed of the thin wires by controlling them from the tractor cab using a joystick. This approach significantly increases the efficiency of the flower thinning process, providing the possibility of individual adjustment to the specific conditions of the garden, as well as the variety and type of fruit grown in it. After testing the Florix machine for two years on various types of fruit, the results were very encouraging. Farmers such as Filiberto Montanari, who has used a Florix machine for several years, have reported a significant reduction in the time and labor required to thin flowers.
... >>
Advanced Infrared Microscope
02.05.2024
Microscopes play an important role in scientific research, allowing scientists to delve into structures and processes invisible to the eye. However, various microscopy methods have their limitations, and among them was the limitation of resolution when using the infrared range. But the latest achievements of Japanese researchers from the University of Tokyo open up new prospects for studying the microworld. Scientists from the University of Tokyo have unveiled a new microscope that will revolutionize the capabilities of infrared microscopy. This advanced instrument allows you to see the internal structures of living bacteria with amazing clarity on the nanometer scale. Typically, mid-infrared microscopes are limited by low resolution, but the latest development from Japanese researchers overcomes these limitations. According to scientists, the developed microscope allows creating images with a resolution of up to 120 nanometers, which is 30 times higher than the resolution of traditional microscopes. ... >>
Air trap for insects
01.05.2024
Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy, and pest control is an integral part of this process. A team of scientists from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla, has come up with an innovative solution to this problem - a wind-powered insect air trap. This device addresses the shortcomings of traditional pest control methods by providing real-time insect population data. The trap is powered entirely by wind energy, making it an environmentally friendly solution that requires no power. Its unique design allows monitoring of both harmful and beneficial insects, providing a complete overview of the population in any agricultural area. “By assessing target pests at the right time, we can take necessary measures to control both pests and diseases,” says Kapil ... >>
| Random news from the Archive BMW car cloud
28.09.2013
BMW has connected 2,5 million vehicles to its own servers. In five years, this figure should grow to 10 million. The machines will generate 100 million network requests daily, and the traffic between them and the data center will be 1 TB.
The Bavarian automaker BMW plans to connect more than 2018 million vehicles to its own servers by 10. Now "cloud" services have about 2,5 million cars of the German brand. Mario Mueller, Vice President of IT Infrastructure Development at BMW, spoke about this at the GigaOM Structure Europe conference in London.
He predicts that in five years, those 10 million BMWs connected to its manufacturer's network will generate 100 million network requests and 1 TB of data daily. For comparison, in 2012, the number of calls to BMW servers per day was 1 million, and the amount of traffic was about 600 MB. This year, traffic has increased to 40 GB per day, and the number of requests has increased to 12 million.
BMW's "cloud" strategy broadly embraces its electric vehicles, Muller said. Recently, serial production of the first electric car in the history of BMW began in Leipzig.
The i3 model has an embedded SIM card that connects the machine to Connected Drive services. These include helpdesk, sharing information with the driver's smartphone and connecting to BMW servers for a thorough calculation of the actual range or route planning by the system. In addition, by connecting the electric car to BMW servers, drivers will be able to remotely start the engine and monitor the battery level.
In the summer of 2013, BMW began equipping its vehicles with SIM cards from the factory. At the same time, the company undertakes to bear the costs of roaming. After activating the SIM card, the driver can receive news, traffic information and online services that were previously only available when connecting a smartphone.
According to the forecast of the Swedish company Ericsson, in the coming years the number of cars connected to the Internet will grow many times - from 45 million in 2011 to 210 million in 2016.
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) expects that by 2025, 60% of vehicles on the world's roads will have wireless broadband Internet access.
|
Other interesting news:
▪ 5W fast wireless charging IC from Toshiba
▪ Human stomach grown in vitro
▪ Stonehenge to be closed for renovations
▪ A useful variety of corn for popcorn has been developed
▪ Robot crab
News feed of science and technology, new electronics
Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:
▪ site section Regulators of current, voltage, power. Article selection
▪ article Cuvier Georges. Biography of a scientist
▪ article Where do shooting stars come from? Detailed answer
▪ Kolz article. Legends, cultivation, methods of application
▪ article Counter SBM-20 in a food dosimeter. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
▪ article Simple voltage converter. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Leave your comment on this article:
All languages of this page
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese