Simple metronome. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Musician

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Anyone who is learning to play musical instruments will be helped by a simple electronic metronome. Any novice radio amateur can make it.

Surprisingly, for the entire music school where my daughter studies, there was only one electronic metronome of incredibly large dimensions. And only a few could use it, since it was constantly "on hand".

In such a situation, an opportunity is provided to make the proposed metronome and make a pleasant, and most importantly, useful gift for a good friend or relative who has decided to devote himself to music.

The metronome is powered by 220 V and draws a few milliamps of current. The volume of its clicks is sufficient even when playing such a "loud" musical instrument as a violin. The frequency of the clicks of the metronome is set by the musician independently, "by ear" (that's why he was given this musical ear!).

The basis of the device is a conventional relaxation RC oscillator based on a VS1 dynistor (Fig. 1a).

The positive half-waves of the mains voltage, passed by the rectifier diode VD1, charge the timing capacitor C1 through resistors R1, R2 and the diode VD2. The duration of the capacitor charging is changed by the variable resistor R2. When the voltage across the capacitor reaches a certain value, the dinistor will open. The capacitor will quickly discharge through the dinistor and the load - the BF1 headphone. As a result, a click will be heard in the phone, the volume of which depends on the position of the variable resistor R3 slider.

After the capacitor discharge current decreases to the holding current of the dinistor, it will close, the process will begin to repeat.

Since the load is inductive in nature, with the upper position of the R3 volume control slider, when the voltage across the capacitor is zero, it will begin to recharge. Therefore, the position of the volume control slider will affect the value of the residual voltage on the capacitor, and hence, the click frequency of the metronome. To eliminate this drawback, a VD2 diode is installed, which eliminates the recharging of the capacitor at any position of the resistor R3 slider.

Due to the fact that the device uses a half-wave rectifier without a filter capacitor, the voltage across the capacitor C1 increases in steps during charging. In this case, the dinistor opens in those short periods of time when the voltage increases in the positive half-cycle. This ensures that the metronome frequency is synchronized to the mains frequency of 50 Hz, resulting in good stability of the metronome click frequency setting.

Instead of a KN102G dinistor, it is permissible to use KN102V or to assemble an analogue of a dinistor based on a trinistor (Fig. 1, b). Any trinistor with a turn-on current of not more than 0,1 mA and a maximum anode current of at least 200 mA will do. By selecting the resistor R5, the analog switch-on voltage is set. Capacitor C1 - K73-16, variable resistors - SP-0,4 or other suitable dimensions, the remaining resistors - MLT of the power indicated on the diagram. The load BF1 is a low-resistance capsule TA-56m, but any other with a resistance of 40 ... 150 Ohms will do.

The details of the metronome can be assembled in a case from a power adapter (Fig. 2) or you can make a plastic case yourself and glue a power plug into it. The knobs of the frequency and volume controls must be made of insulating material and completely cover the metal parts of the variable resistors.

The capsule, if the dimensions of the case allow, is placed inside, otherwise the capsule is glued on the outside. Installation of details - hinged. With the correct installation and the use of a serviceable dynistor, the metronome does not need to be adjusted. The parts in the housing are fixed with a few drops of epoxy glue.

Author: E.Konovalov, Mariupol, Ukraine

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