Classification of metal detectors. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Classification of metal detectors. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / metal detectors

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Classification of modern metal detectors, sometimes called metal object detectors or metal detectors, is usually done using several fundamental criteria.

Depending on the complexity and functionality, metal detectors can be divided into simple, semi-professional and professional. In modern literature, descriptions of simple, or amateur, designs are most often found, occasionally - semi-professional ones. The description of some professional instruments, the principles of their construction, as well as various methods of conducting search operations can only be found in foreign publications.

In addition, in foreign literature, for example, a classification of electronic detectors of metal objects is often given, based on the assessment of the signal used. Depending on what signal is formed and processed in a particular device, metal detectors are conventionally divided into several categories.

The first includes devices that work with a continuous (analogue) signal in a resonant or frequency mode. In most designs encountered by the author, this signal had a sinusoidal shape. Sometimes such devices are called metal detectors of the FD (Frequency Domain) group.

The second category includes devices that use a pulsed signal with subsequent assessment of changes in its parameters over time. Such metal detectors are sometimes referred to as TD (Time Domain) devices.

Various magnetometers can be distinguished into a separate category. The operation of such metal detectors is based on the principle of measuring changes in the magnetic field under the influence of metal objects.

In addition, there is a very extensive category of so-called special-purpose devices. It would be correct to call the devices included in this group not detectors of metal objects, but simply object detectors, since such devices analyze the anomalies of the Earth's electromagnetic field caused by any object in the soil, including non-metal ones. The appearance and further rapid development of such devices were due to the use of plastic (unframed) mines in various theaters of military operations. It should be recognized that the mentioned devices for special purposes are quite complex and expensive. Therefore, a detailed consideration of the principles of construction and design features of such devices is also beyond the scope of this publication.

It should be noted that in some sources you can find a classification of metal detectors based on an assessment of the frequency range in which this device operates. For example, devices designated by the abbreviation VLF (Very Low Frequency) operate in the frequency range from 3 to 30 kHz. Devices using frequencies from 30 to 300 kHz are abbreviated as LF (Low Frequency). For detectors operating at frequencies from 300 kHz to 3 MHz, the abbreviation MF (Medium Frequency) is used, and for devices with an operating frequency in the range from 3 to 30 MHz, the abbreviation HF (High Frequency) is used.

Author: Adamenko M.V.

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