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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Electrostimulators. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electronics in medicine The human body produces weak electrical impulses and responds to their impact. More I.P. Pavlov emphasized that strong reactions of the body can be caused by weak influences. This principle is based on the electropuncture effect on biologically active points of the body (BAP) according to the method of acupuncture (zhen-jiu therapy, acupuncture). The method of zhen-jiu therapy arose on the basis of empirical data 4-5 millennia ago (in the Stone Age) in China [1]. Thousands of years later, this method was systematized and described. And today, the classic points of the meridian teaching have been supplemented with hundreds of new extra-channel points and zones. With the development of technology, the ancient acupuncture and cauterization of BAP were supplemented with electropuncture, laser puncture, electroacupuncture, light and magnetotherapy. In terms of their effect on the body, all methods are considered as a reflex process, which is based on a complex neurohumoral reaction that occurs in response to BAP irritation. Soviet scientists in 1964 developed a unique autonomous electrical stimulator of the gastrointestinal tract (AES of the gastrointestinal tract). This stimulant was used for elite medical institutions (for which it received the name "Kremlin pill"), and only in the mid-90s it appeared on free sale and became available for use by everyone. AES GIT is structurally made in the form of a capsule with a size of 22x11 mm. Use the capsule in several ways. 1 - swallowing like a pill. In this case, it stimulates all organs, passing through the gastrointestinal tract. 2 - sucking in the mouth. The tongue contains biologically active zones of almost all organs of the body. Therefore, there is an effect on these organs when exposed to pulses of an electrical stimulator. In addition, this method is used to prevent and treat colds, relieve hangover, toothache or headache, stomatitis, periodontal disease. 3 - intermittent administration anally or vaginally. Anal introduction of an electrical stimulator from 30 minutes to 8 hours (at night) activates the sexual function of men, normalizes the work of the prostate, enhances the motility of the entire intestine, helping to cleanse it of toxins and stones. Well this method helps in the treatment of hemorrhoids. Vaginal introduction of an electrical stimulator for 20 minutes after 3-4 sessions increases the secretory activity of the vagina, normalizes the menstrual cycle and cures frigidity. With daily vaginal administration from 40 minutes to several hours for at least 2 weeks, gynecological diseases (tumors, vaginitis, erosion, inflammation of the appendages) are treated. Since the effect of electrical stimulation on human cavities is still poorly understood, a completely unexpected positive result can be obtained. One thing is certain: the gastrointestinal tract nuclear power plant has passed clinical trials and is approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in outpatient and home conditions. With all the advantages of NPP gastrointestinal tract, there is one significant drawback - this is the ratio of price and shelf life (up to 70 hours). It turns out that only the elite can use the NPP again. Here I propose for self-production and use of two simulators of nuclear power plants of the gastrointestinal tract. Simulators copy the parameters of the output pulses of the AES of the gastrointestinal tract and have a similar effect. The disadvantage of the simulator is that it cannot be swallowed and passed through the entire gastrointestinal tract. The advantage is multiple use and advanced functions (adjustment of the exposure current and use for electropuncture). Simulators can be used orally and anal-vaginally, which covers the treatment of a fairly large range of diseases. The simulator, the scheme of which is shown in Figure 3, can also be used as an electroacupuncture stimulator for acupuncture points. According to the instructions for use of the AES, the gastrointestinal tract has the following pulse parameters (Fig. 1):
- pulse duration - 4,8 - 7,2 ms; - pulse repetition period - 19,2-28,8 ms; - duration of a burst of pulses - 304-456 ms; - the repetition period of bursts of pulses - 2,4-3,6 s. The simulator produces parameters that are close in value (Fig. 2):
- pulse duration - 4 ms; - pulse repetition period - 16 ms; - pulse burst duration - 500 ms; - the repetition period of a burst of pulses - 4 s. The simulator circuit is shown in fig. 3.
Functionally, the circuit consists of three blocks - a master crystal oscillator on DD1, a pulse shaper of a given duration on microcircuits DD2 - DD4 and an output stage on a transistor VT1, which sets the amplitude of the current pulse in the range - 8 - 12 mA. The generator is assembled on a K176IE12 chip according to a standard switching circuit. One divider T1 with a division factor of 32768 is used. Pulses with a period of about 11 ms are taken from output 1, and pulses with a period of 4 s are taken from output 1. These pulses are fed to inputs 1 and 9 of two different four-bit binary counters on the K561IE10 chip. From the output of the third digit of the first counter (pin 5), pulses with a duration of 4 ms are taken. From output 6, auxiliary pulses are removed, which are necessary for the formation of a given duty cycle (4). From the output of the first and second digits of the second counter (output 11, 12), auxiliary pulses are taken, which are necessary for the formation of the duty cycle (8) of the pulse bursts. The duration of the bursts of pulses is determined by the duration of the pulses at pin 4 (DD1), and is 500 ms. The pulses from outputs 5 and 6 of the DD2 counter are summed by a four-input logic element 4I-NOT of the K561LA8 (DD3.1) microcircuit and are inverted by the DD4.3 element of the K561LA7 microcircuit. At pin 10 DD4.3, you can observe the filling pulse with the parameters given in Fig. 2 a. Similarly, a pulse is formed, intended for filling, but with a duty cycle twice as large. Auxiliary pulses from pins 11, 12 of the counter DD2 and the pulse that determines the duration of the period of the impact pulse from pin 4 DD1 are added to DD3.2 and inverted by DD4.4. Filling pulses from pin 10 DD4.3 and burst pulses from pin 11 DD4.4 are added to the DD4.2 element, inverted by DD4.1 and fed to the base of the transistor VT1. Based on the transistor, the pulses have the form shown in Fig. 2 b. The transistor is turned on in emitter follower mode. The probe current must not exceed 10 mA with a 100 Ω dummy load. The adjustment of the exposure current according to subjective sensations is carried out by the resistor R6. The output pulses are taken from the Gn.1 stereo jack, which acts as a voltage switch. When the plug is off, the device is de-energized. The pinout of the plug is shown in Figure 3. If the device is used as a simulator of a nuclear power plant in the gastrointestinal tract, then a plug with a probe is inserted into the socket. If the device is used as an acupuncture electrostimulator, then the socket is supplied with a probe and an electrode. Switch SA1 is used to switch the methods of influence in the acupuncture mode. In the diagram, the switch is shown in the inhibition (excitation, toning) position, and in the other position, there will be continuous pulses on the electrode, which corresponds to calming down. In the NPP simulator mode of the gastrointestinal tract, switch SA1 must be in the braking position. The HL1 LED is used to monitor the device's performance. The LED is mounted on the housing so that its outputs are located on the housing at a distance of 3-4 mm from each other. When applying the probe or electrodes to the LED terminals, it will glow with a period of 4 seconds. If the LED is not lit in one position, then the sides of the probe must be swapped.> The printed circuit board is given in Fig. 4, and the location of the elements - in Fig. 5. The board with the elements is placed in a suitable plastic case.
The establishment of the simulator is reduced to the selection of the capacitor C1 within 18 - 68 pF before the occurrence of stable generation and the appearance of pulses at the outputs 11, 4 of the DD1 microcircuit. A typical switching circuit of the K176IE12 microcircuit requires the inclusion of a 12 megaohm resistor between terminals 13 and 22, although the microcircuit can be excited with lower resistor values (and no resistor at all). Since high-resistance resistors are quite rare, this resistor is replaced by two R2, R3 on the printed circuit board. This makes it possible to put two resistors with a value of 3-5-10 megaohm. By selecting the value of the resistor R2, R3, stable generation of the microcircuit is also achieved. In practice, the performance of the simulator is checked by taking the probe to the lips or putting it on the tongue. With an interval of 4 seconds, small tingling sensations will be felt. The simulator uses microcircuits of the 561 and 176 series. A replacement for the 176 series is possible, but not all microcircuits of this series work when the supply voltage drops to 3 volts. Capacitor C1-KM5b, resistors - MLT - 0,125. Quartz RK-71 or> miniature, from a wristwatch at 32768 Hz. Resistor R6 type SPO. When regulating the exposure current, it is necessary to follow the rule - less current is better, but more time. Structurally, the probe is made in the form of a capsule 22x11 mm in size (Fig. 6a).
The capsule consists of two hemispheres and a plastic sleeve - an insulator. The hemispheres are made of stainless steel and are hollow inside. The author took a factory capsule that had fallen into disrepair, removed the filling and made a hole with a diameter of 2 mm at the end of one of the hemispheres. Two flexible wires are passed through the hole inside the hemispheres, which are soldered to different hemispheres. The hole with the wires and the junctions of the hemispheres with the plastic sleeve are glued with waterproof glue. When self-manufactured, hemisphere capsules may not be hollow, which will make the device somewhat heavier. Another tested version of the probe is shown in Figure 6b. The probe is made of stainless steel rings and sealed with epoxy or silicone sealant. For oral use, it is better to use the tablet-shaped probe shown in Figure 6c. For electropuncture, a probe is made from the body of a ballpoint pen and a neutral electrode. Instead of the writing unit of the pen, a gold-plated or silver-plated contact from the connector is placed. The gold-plated contact has an exciting effect on the acupuncture point, and the silver-plated contact has a calming effect. The neutral electrode is made in the form of a ring, for putting on a finger or a clip like photographic tweezers. The neutral electrode is connected to the power minus, although there are acupuncture points that require reverse action [2]. The simulator is used by inserting a probe orally, vaginally or anally. Orally, the capsule is sucked in the mouth to relieve hangover, toothache or headache, treat stomatitis, periodontal disease. It affects all organs through biologically active zones, of which there are a lot in the mouth. Biologically active zones of the tongue are shown in Figure 7 [3].
Knowing your sores, it is advisable to keep the probe closer to the corresponding zone. The exposure time is at least 10 minutes. Vaginally or anally (as a suppository) for the treatment of paresis, constipation, impotence, prostatitis, uterine polyps, frigidity, delayed menstruation, removal from a contusion state, with operational resuscitation, hemorrhoids ... Time - up to 8 hours. Contraindications: pacemaker, pregnancy and metal teeth. In the latter case, it is necessary to ensure that the capsule does not come into contact with the metal. Since the described simulator is inside the body "on a leash" with wires, its free movement is impossible. Therefore, another stimulant has been developed for vaginal-anal use. The stimulator is a probe and an electronic circuit, which are structurally made in one block. The scheme of the stimulator is shown in Figure 8.
Functionally, the circuit consists of two generators on the DD1 chip, a reverse counter on the DD2 chip, a demultiplexer DD3, DD5 and a reverse trigger DD4. The frequency of the generator on the elements DD1.1-DD1.3 30-60 Hz. The frequency of the second generator on the elements DD1.4, DD1.5 is regulated by a resistor and is set depending on personal feelings. The pulses of the first generator are sequentially distributed to 16 outputs with the frequency of the second generator using a reversible counter DD2. When the counter counts to 16, the transfer output will pulse. The pulse from pin 7 of counter D2 will overturn the trigger on chip D4 and the level will change at pin 10 of the counter. The counter will start counting backwards. Thus, the pulses of the first generator will sequentially pass from the first to the sixteenth output, and then from the 16th to the first. But this is ideal. In practice, the scheme counts up to 17. Ie. after 16 comes 1, and then reverse to 16, etc. In order not to add elements, you can put up with this counting order. Thus, the impact pulses will sequentially move along the probe in both directions. And stimulation will be carried out throughout the cavity for the length of the probe. The printed circuit board of this electrostimulator is shown in Figure 9, and the location of the elements in Figure 10.
The probe consists of stainless steel rings 2 mm wide (diameter according to the availability of materials, 8-12 mm), strung on a wooden mandrel or a plastic tube. Between each signal ring there is an "earth" ring. There are 33 rings in total. The distance between the rings is 1,5 mm. Thus, the length of the active part of the probe is 114 mm. The soldering of the rings is shown in Figure 11.
The gap between the rings is filled with automotive silicone sealant or epoxy. Of course, wires were previously soldered to the rings (the wire can be taken as winding type PEV2.) and brought out through a recess in the mandrel or holes drilled in the tube at one end. At this end, a board is attached to the mandrel with a self-tapping screw or screw. The distance from the board to the first ring must be at least 50 mm. This is due to the fact that the outer parts of the vagina and anus are more sensitive (saturated with nerve endings) to impulses than the inner ones. Therefore, it is necessary to turn on the stimulator after the probe is fully inserted or at the maximum value of the resistor R6. On the other side of the board, a 6F22 (Krona) type battery is installed. The SA1 miniature imported power switch is installed on the board. The other end of the probe is made with sealant (epoxy) on a cone to facilitate insertion. Variable resistors R2, R6 are soldered directly to the board, although after setting the frequency, instead of resistor R2, you can put a constant resistor of the appropriate rating. The board with the battery is wrapped with fiberglass (or a thin sheet of fiberglass) and everything is filled with sealant. The sealant is leveled with a hand moistened with vegetable oil or water immediately after application. By the way, silicone sealant after hardening (10-30 minutes) should feel like rubber, otherwise it is a fake. The battery compartment is insulated with cellophane. Schematically, the general view of the stimulator is shown in Figure 12.
When using a stimulator, the best effect is a slight wiggle of the probe until the most favorable sensation is obtained. The same is achieved by rotating the slider of the sensitivity resistor R6. Basic rule: no discomfort. In the treatment of hemorrhoids or colitis, it is necessary to ensure that the impact is minimal. Before anal insertion, a small enema should be given. The probe is lubricated with any vegetable oil. After the session, the probe must be washed with warm water and soap and a brush. Literature
Publication: cxem.net
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