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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Universal programmer UNIPROG. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Microcontrollers By connecting the Uniprog programmer to an IBM-compatible computer via a printer connector, you can enter data not only into conventional ROM or microcontroller program memory, but also into programmable logic array (PLM) chips. The software (it is called Uniprog Plus) is built on the principle of an open architecture. Knowing the C language and using the built-in functions of the Uniprog Plus kernel, you can supplement it with your own programming or testing modules. PRINCIPAL DIAGRAM OF THE PROGRAMMER Due to the fact that the device consists of a large number of identical nodes, we will not give its entire schematic diagram. We restrict ourselves to a description of the circuits and the operation of its main blocks, as well as the order of their interaction with each other. Uniprog is connected to the computer's LPT1 printer port. The data necessary for programming enters the device's register block, made on KR580VV55A microcircuits. All ports of these microcircuits (with the exception of one, which will be discussed below) are configured for output. The outputs of some registers are connected to the control inputs of the multifunctional switch, others - to similar inputs of DC voltage sources. The outputs of the switch and sources are connected in the required order to the outputs of the programmable microcircuit. Thus, it is possible, by computer commands, to form on these outputs any sequence of voltage levels necessary for programming. Schematic diagram of the connection node of the block of registers with the computer is shown in Fig. 1 (positional designations of elements in this and subsequent diagrams are conditional). Many LPT1 circuits are used non-standard to ensure the correct order of data exchange. The exception is DATAt-DATA8, through which, through the DD2 shaper, the codes from the computer are sent to the data bus of the register block (the DO-D7 circuit). In which port and which KR580BB55A chip this information will be written depends on the code previously entered in the DD5 address register. The outputs of the two lower digits of this register are connected to the inputs of AO and A1 of the KR580VV55A microcircuits, and each of the higher ones is connected to the CS input of one of them. The write signal to DD5 is supplied via the AUTOFD circuit, and to the KR580VV55A ports - ON the IN IT circuit.
The inputs of the KR580VV55A port, configured for input, are connected to the data bus of the programmable microcircuit, which makes it possible to read the code written to it and compare it with the required one. The DATA1 - DATA8 chains are unidirectional and cannot be used for reading. Therefore, the computer reads the byte output to the data bus of the register block under the influence of the SLCTIN signal. in two doses of four strokes. Using the DD1 multiplexer, controlled by the STROBE signal, they are connected in turn to the SLCT, PE, ACKNLG and BUSY circuits, through which the computer usually receives printer status signals. Similarly, through the buffer element DD6, you can read the state of the eight least significant bits of the bus address of the programmable chip. This may be necessary if it has a 16-bit data bus or a multiplexed address/data bus. The work of DD6 is allowed by writing a logical 0 to the second bit of DD5. The multifunction switch consists of two types of nodes. To control the data bus of the programmable microcircuit, there are eight switches assembled according to the scheme shown in Fig. 2, a. At a zero level not at the input of UPR1, depending on the signal of UPR2, the voltage of one of the logical TTL levels is applied to the corresponding bit of the data bus from the output of the switch. However, when a logic 1 is applied to the inputs of UPR2 and UPR1, the switched circuit is connected through the opened transistor VT1 to a programmable constant voltage source E. The diode V02, closing at a value of E less than the supply voltage of +5 V, protects the transistor VT1 from the flow of current in the opposite direction. In turn, the VD1 diode protects the READING circuit from voltages greater than 5 V. The node uses a powerful KT973A transistor capable of passing a pulsed current of up to 1 A, which is necessary, for example, for programming K556, K1556 series microcircuits.
To control the address bus and most other outputs of a programmable microcircuit, such high currents are not required. Therefore, their switching node (there are 20 such nodes in total) is somewhat simpler (Fig. 2, b). If voltages with a logic level of 1 are simultaneously applied to the inputs of UPR2 and UPR0, both VT1 and the internal output transistor of element D1.2 will open, but resistor R3 will limit the current and prevent damage to the transistors. The READ circuits with elements VD1 and R4 are available only in the switches of the eight least significant bits of the address bus. Four programmable voltage sources El-E4 are assembled according to the circuit shown in fig. 3. The E1 voltage is supplied through the switches to the address and data buses, the remaining three can be applied to any other outputs of the programmable microcircuit, including the power output.
The digital-to-analog converter (DAC) on the DD2 chip, included non-standard, is controlled by the code coming from the register block. The control signal 2 turns the DAC on and off. and UPR1 connects capacitor C1 to its output. providing a smooth increase in the output voltage after turning on the DAC or an abrupt change in the code (sometimes this is necessary for proper programming). The source of exemplary (reference) voltage and supply voltage on the zener diodes VD1 and VD2 is common for all DACs. The voltage from the DAC is supplied to the output of the source through a power amplifier made on the op-amp DA1 and transistors VT1-VT3. The latter must have a cutoff frequency of at least 20 MHz, which is necessary for the normal functioning of the feedback (and hence the stability of the output voltage) under variable load conditions that occur when working with some microcircuits. For example, the values of the current consumed by PROM microcircuits of the K556 series. differ significantly when reading cells in which the codes OxFF and 0x00 are written. The device board provides seats for panels for programmable microcircuits of the K556, K1556, 27xx, 28xx, 29xx, 8748 and 8749, 8x5x, and K155REZ series. The contact pads are connected in the required order to the outputs of the switches and programmable voltage sources. There is also a quartz resonator connected to the panels of those microcontrollers that require it when programming. Some microcircuits, not mentioned above, can also be "laid" into existing panels, but it is more rational to use a specially provided connector, to which all the necessary circuits are connected. You can connect a board with a panel for any microcircuit, for example, in a PLCC package, to it. SOFTWARE The Uniprog Plus software package supplied with the device is a programming system for a wide variety of ROM, PLA, etc. It is an open system: the functions responsible for servicing a particular type of microchip are implemented by external loadable modules. For each of them, the execution of all operations for setting the programming modes and the actual programming provided in the corresponding module, as well as a set of control operations is provided. Currently Uniprog Plus includes the following modules: ROM.ED - ROM editor; PAL.ED - PLM editor; 27XX.PRG - programming UV RPZU series 27xx, 573, K573; 2728.ADT - automatic detection of the type of microcircuits of the 27xx, 28xx, 29xx series; RTXX.PRG - programming PROM with fusible jumpers series K556, KR556; 1556X.PRG - programming PLM series K1556; RT1 .PRG - programming PLA series K556: VE4X.PRG - programming of 874x series microcontrollers; VE51 .PRG - programming of microcontrollers of the 875x, КР1816, КР1830 series. 89xx; 28XX.PRG - programming FLASH-memory chips of 28xx, 29xx series; TEST.PRG - testing the programmer board. Modules for programming P!C microcontrollers, serial (bit) PROMs and testing RAM microcircuits are under development. The Uniprog Plus package includes the Uniprog Developer's Kit (more on that later), which allows you to create new programming modules yourself. In addition, Uniprog Plus can be connected to any user-defined converter programs that convert various forms of representing a ROM image into the form required for programming. The on-screen version of the Uniprog Plus program performs the following operations:
The version of the program, the parameters of which are specified on the DOS command line, performs the same functions as the screen version, with the exception of interactive (viewing and editing data) and modifying the programming buffer. It can be useful when constantly working with the same type of ROM, allowing you to bypass the tedious operation of manually setting modes each time you start the program. UNIPROG DEVELOPER'S KIT As mentioned above, the user has the ability to create and connect to Uniprog Plus his own modules for programming and testing microcircuits, editing data for programming, automatic detection of the microcircuit type and configuration files. The Uniprog Developer's Kit will help him with this. A detailed description of all the features of this package would require too much space. Therefore, we will briefly dwell only on general principles. On fig. 4 shows the interaction of the core of the Uniprog Plus program with modules prepared by the user. Inside the kernel are the main interfaces that interact with external (with respect to it) modules and data files, and other unchanging parts of the program that ensure its functioning.
The "Programming" module - the actual program for writing data to a microcircuit, reading it, comparing it, etc. - implements the corresponding timing diagrams, taking into account all possible parameters of these processes. The user can develop his own module for the microcircuit he needs, without delving into the specific device of the programmer and using only the logical concepts of the data bus, address bus, control signals. To do this, the Uniprog Plus kernel has a number of standard functions that can be accessed from any module. The "Editor" module is used to display on the monitor screen the contents of the programming buffer with data intended to be entered into the ROM or read from it. Most often, the binary editor supplied with the programmer for ROM with a linear structure and the PLA editor for logical matrices are sufficient. But if you want to create a ROM image on the screen in some unusual way, you will have to write your own editor. This task is difficult, but doable. The Uniprog Developer's Kit provides this capability. The "Autodetection" module is also available to the user, which for many reasons is separated from the "Programming" module. And in the "Hint" module, you can put reference data related to modules of your own design. The information necessary for the connection of all modules with the program core and related to specific types of programmable microcircuits is located in the configuration file, which the user can add and edit. The additional configuration file automatically stores data about the program settings made while working with it. The ROM type is set manually by the user or determined using the "Autodetect" module. After that, the program selects the "Editor" and "Programming" modules needed to work with this type of ROM, and transfers the necessary parameters to them from the configuration file. The "editor" through the Uniprog Plus kernel displays the ROM image on the monitor screen and allows you to edit it using the keyboard and mouse. The "Programming" module controls the programmer through the kernel, ensuring that all necessary operations are performed. In conclusion, it should be noted that the Uniprog Plus program is rapidly developing both in the direction of increasing the number of programming modules supplied with it, and in the direction of simplifying their independent development due to the "intellectualization" of the Uniprog Developer's Kit package. Author: A.Zharov, Moscow
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