Automatic staircase lighting. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Lighting
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It is known that a huge amount of electricity is spent on night lighting of the entrances of multi-storey buildings, and most of the time the light burns in vain. The timing shows that it takes only 40 ... 50 minutes per day to illuminate the entrance. To avoid unnecessary waste of electricity, it is necessary to equip the entrances and stairwells of houses with automatic machines that turn on the light for a short time and only when it is necessary.
A detailed analysis of the schemes of such automata described in [1, 2] showed:
- in the intervals between switching on, the lighting is completely absent, which creates difficulties, for example, in search of a button to turn it on;
- electromagnetic relays are used to control the lamps, which reduces the reliability and durability of the device;
- in some cases, transformers are used in power supplies of automatic machines, which is economically unprofitable;
- in other cases, the excess voltage is quenched by resistors, which leads to the constant release of a significant amount of heat.
Fig. 1
These shortcomings are eliminated in the machine, the scheme of which is shown in Fig. 1. It contains a time relay on a trinistor VS1, a capacitor C1, a diode VD1 and a phase-shifting circuit R2C2. The diode bridge VD2 ensures the operation of the trinistor in positive and negative half-cycles of the mains voltage.
To turn on the light in the entrance (lamps EL1-ELm), it is enough to briefly press any of the buttons SB1-SBn installed in convenient places and connected in parallel. In this case, the capacitor C1 will be discharged through the resistor R1, and after releasing the button, it will start charging through the circuit of the lighting lamp - the diode VD1 - the control electrode of the trinistor VS1. The trinistor will be open, and the light in the entrance will be turned on. The duration of this burning time interval depends on the capacitance of the capacitor C1 and the parameters of the trinistor.
The voltage from the phase-shifting circuit R3C2 is also supplied to the control electrode of the trinistor through the diode VD2. By selecting its elements, it is possible to ensure that in the intervals between turning on the lighting using the SA1-SAn buttons, the lamps will glow dimly, consuming minimal power. With the values of resistor R2 and capacitor C2 indicated in the diagram, the power consumed by the lamps is about 12% of the nominal, and the brightness of their glow is sufficient to find a button in a dark entrance.
Installation of the assembled machine is shown in fig. 2. Capacitors C1 and C2 - MBGP (C1) or MBGCH for a voltage of at least 400 V. Except for the KU202L trinistor. you can use KU202K, KU202M, KU202N. With a total lamp power of more than 500 W, the trinistor must be equipped with a heat sink. Buttons can be installed on the doors of electrical distribution boards located on each landing. The length of the wires going to the buttons must be sufficient so that the shield door opens completely.
Council:
To eliminate the radio interference created by the machine (especially in standby mode), it must be equipped with noise suppression filters both from the side of the network and lighting lamps, and from the side of the control buttons.
Literature:
1. Nudler G., Tulchin I. Automation of engineering equipment for residential and public buildings. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1988.
2. Sergeev B. Automatic stair lighting (results of the mini-competition "ALO"). - Radio, 1987, No. 4, p. 52-54; No. 5, p. 35-37.
Author: T. Chiketaev, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan; Publication: radioradar.net
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