Electronic micrometer. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Measuring technology

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Measuring the diameter of a copper winding wire using conventional mechanical micrometers is inconvenient for a number of reasons, such as: the duration of the measuring process, the known complexity of reading readings, the impossibility of measuring the diameter of a wire without insulation. In the proposed electronic micrometer, these shortcomings are eliminated. The schematic diagram of the device is shown in the figure.

An electronic micrometer consists of a generator and a measuring device. The generator is assembled according to a push-pull circuit on transistors T1 and T2 and operates at a frequency of 15 MHz. The generator voltage is fed through a high-frequency transformer to the measuring device.

During positive half-cycles, the current flows through diode D2, circuit L3C6C7, variable resistor R5 and microammeter, and during negative half-cycles - through diode D1, variable resistors R6, R5 and microammeter. By turning the slider R6, it is possible to equalize the currents flowing through the microammeter during positive and negative half-cycles towards each other, and then it will give zero readings.

Coil L3 serves as a microammeter sensor. This coil, as well as capacitors C6 and C7, form a circuit whose resonant frequency is somewhat less than the frequency of the generator. To measure the diameter of the wire, it is inserted inside the L3. Then the inductance of this coil, and consequently, the tuning frequency of the L3C6C7 circuit and the current flowing through the branch D2 - L3C6C7 - R5 - microammeter, change and the arrow of the latter deviates from zero. The deflection of the arrow will be proportional to the diameter of the wire inserted into the coil L3.

The micrometer is assembled in a metal case measuring 70x130x50 mm. It uses an M494 microammeter with a total deflection current of 100 tkA. Coil L1, wound on a polystyrene frame with a diameter of 10 mm in one layer, winding width - 10 mm. It contains 21 turns of PEL 0,31 wire with a tap from the middle. Coil L2 is placed on top of L1 and has 10 turns of the same wire. The L3 coil is made on a ceramic frame with an outer diameter of 4 mm and an inner diameter of 2 mm. It is wound in one layer (winding width 10 mm) and contains 42 turns of PEL 0,2 wire. All parts of the micrometer are mounted on a getinax board measuring 65 x 45 mm, which is attached to the front panel of the case instrument perpendicularly so that one of the ends of the L3 coil frame passes into a hole made in the panel. In addition, on the front panel there is a resistor R6 - "Zero setting" and a button Kn1 - the switch of the device. The power source of the micrometer - the "Krona" battery - is fixed inside the case.

Setting up the device comes down to selecting the capacitances of capacitors C2 and C7 so that the generator frequency is slightly higher than the resonant frequency of the L3C6C7 circuit and setting the microammeter needle to the last division of the scale using resistor R5. The scale of the microammeter is calibrated directly in fractions of a mm using reference pieces of bare copper wire, the diameters of which are measured with a mechanical micrometer. Before measurements, it is necessary, by pressing the Kn1 button, to set the microammeter needle to zero by rotating the slider of the variable resistor R6. Next, insert a piece of wire, the diameter of which needs to be measured, into the frame of the L3 coil, press Kn1 again and read the readings of the microammeter. With the data of the L3 coil indicated in the article, it is possible to measure wire diameters from 0,2 mm to 1,6 mm,

Author: E.Novikov

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