Hallway lighting control. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Lighting

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Light switches in the hallways and corridors of our apartments are usually located next to the front door, which is convenient because you can immediately turn on the light when you enter the apartment. But often most of the time the light in the hallway burns uselessly for hours, because there are no windows in it and the lamps are turned on during the daytime, forgetting to turn it off. To save electricity, it is advisable to equip the switch in the hallway with a simple device that will automatically turn off the lighting after a specified time interval. The device allows you to work with the so-called "energy-saving" fluorescent lamps, and the lighting can be switched on with a standard switch not only for a specified time, but also off at any time.

When the device is connected to the network, but the lighting is not turned on, the capacitor C5 is charged to the stabilization voltage of the zener diode VD5 (up to about 10 V). Since the capacitor C4 is discharged at this time, and the field effect transistor VT2 is closed, the transistor VT3, the low-power trinistor VS2 and the powerful triac VS1 are also closed. Through the HL1 LED, which illuminates the SB1 button, a current of about 0,8 mA flows, limited by the resistor R11. If the backlight is not needed, the LED can be excluded by replacing it with a jumper. If you briefly press the button SB 1, the capacitor C2 will be charged to a voltage of about 9 V, and the capacitor C5 will also be charged through the resistor R4. The voltage between the gate and source of transistor VT2 will exceed the threshold, which will lead to the opening of transistors VT2 and VT3. As a result, the trinistor VS2 and the triac VS1 will open. When switched on according to the proposed scheme and used as an EL1 incandescent lamp, the triac VS1 breaks off at an instantaneous value of the mains voltage of about 10 V, so the level of interference generated by the device is negligible. In this case, it is not necessary to install the L1C3R3 noise suppression filter, although it is very desirable.

The situation with the mains filter is reversed if EL1 is an "energy saving" fluorescent lamp with electronic ballast. The level of interference generated by the device will become greater. It should also be noted that most "energy-saving" lamps are themselves sources of intense radio interference. To reduce the interference created by both the regulator and the lamp, you can install a second LC filter section in series with the first. If a lamp with electronic ballast, when turned off, flashes occasionally, a resistor with a resistance of 68 kOhm and a power of 2 W can be connected in parallel with it. Such a resistor will significantly reduce the intensity of interference. The time during which the lamp remains on depends mainly on the resistance of the resistor R4, the capacitance of the capacitor C2 and the threshold voltage of the field effect transistor VT2. As soon as the gate-source voltage becomes less than 1,2 ... 2,5 V, the transistor VT2 will close, VT3 will close at the same time, VS1, VS2 will stop opening, the lamp will be de-energized. To turn off the light before the shutter speed expires, you must press and hold the SB5 button for about 1 seconds until the lamp goes out. During this time, the capacitor C1 is charged through the diode VD1 and the resistor R1 to a voltage exceeding the threshold transistor VT1, which opens and discharges the capacitors C2 and C4. Switching on the lighting again is possible only after 5 ... 8 s. Varistor RU1 protects the device from power surges. Capacitor C6 eliminates false positives. Inductor L1 is wound with PEV-2 wire with a diameter of 0,35 ... 0,51 mm 150 turns on a ring made of ferrite 2000NM1, size K20x12x6.

You can try to use a filter choke from a faulty fluorescent lamp or one of the raster correction coils from a domestic color TV USCT. The BTA06-600C triac can be replaced by MAC8N, BTA06-600SW or another with a permissible voltage of at least 600 V and a direct current of about 4 A. It is advisable to install it on an aluminum or copper telltale tap with dimensions of 50x15x1 mm. With this design of the power unit, the device can operate with a load of up to 350 watts. MCR100-6 trinistor can replace MCR100-8, P0102DA1AA3. Instead of the KT9115A transistor, you can use imported 2SA1625K-2SA1625M or MPSA92. The high-voltage field-effect transistor KP502A can be replaced by BSS124. Instead of the KP501A transistor, KP501B, KP501V, KP502A, KP504A, BSS88, ZVN2120 are suitable. It is desirable that the transistor VT1 has a lower threshold voltage than VT2. Usually transistors KP501B, KP501V open at a lower voltage than KP501A. The DB105 diode bridge will replace RB154-RB157, KTs407A, it is possible to make a bridge from four diodes 1N4004-1N4007, KD243G-KD243Zh. Instead of KD521A, any low-power silicon diodes are suitable, for example, 1N4148, KD510A.

Instead of the 1N4740A zener diode indicated on the diagram, other low-power ones with a stabilization voltage of 10 V are suitable. The LED can be installed in any of the AL307, KIPD21, KIPD40 series. Capacitor C3 - K73-17 or K73-24v for a rated voltage of 630 V. Oxide capacitor C2 should have as little leakage current as possible, the author used tantalum K53-18. In the absence of a suitable tantalum or niobium capacitor, you can try to install an imported aluminum oxide capacitor for an operating voltage of 35 ... When using a low-power varistor, for example, FNR-63K10, it is advisable to connect it through a resistor with a resistance of 431 ohms and a power of 14 W in parallel with the diode bridge VD431 - to the right (according to the diagram) terminals of resistors R20 and R431. Resistors R20, R471 and R430, it is desirable to take non-flammable R470-05 or similar imported ones. Usually such resistors are painted in a light gray-blue color. The remaining resistors are general purpose of any type.

The device is mounted in a wall box for a flush-wiring switch on a board with a diameter of 65 mm. The switch itself is used as a button SB1. To do this, a spring is installed under its key, returning it to its original position after pressing. To isolate the assembled device from the metal installation box, it is desirable to use a non-combustible material, for example, thin fiberglass without foil. Never wrap the device with electrical tape. With resistor R4 and capacitor C2 of the values ​​\u1b\u25bspecified in the diagram, after briefly pressing the button SBXNUMX, the lamp shines for approximately XNUMX minutes. These elements can be matched to obtain the desired glow duration.

When controlling several "energy-saving" lamps connected in parallel with a total power of up to 100 W, it is recommended to connect a wire resistor with a resistance of 4,7 ... 6,8 Ohm and a power of at least 7,5 W in series with them. It will limit the amplitude of the current surges that occur when these lamps are turned on. Since this resistor heats up noticeably, it should not be mounted in a closed volume, including in an installation box. The described device can be used to limit the turn-on time of not only lighting lamps, but also other electrical appliances.

Author: A. Butov, p. Kurba, Yaroslavl region; Publication: cxem.net

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