Automatic water pump control. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Home, household, hobby
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This device can be useful in a country house or a farm, as well as in many other cases when it is necessary to control and maintain a certain level of water in the tank.
So, when using a submersible pump to pump water from a well for irrigation, it is necessary to ensure that the water level does not drop below the position of the pump. Otherwise, the pump, idling (without water), will overheat and fail.
The scheme of the universal automatic device (Fig. 1.27) will help you get rid of all these problems. It is simple and reliable, and also provides for the possibility of multifunctional use (water lifting or drainage).
Rice. 1.27 (click to enlarge)
The circuit circuits are not connected in any way with the tank body, which excludes electrochemical corrosion of the tank surface, as is the case in many previously published circuits of a similar purpose.
The principle of operation of the circuit is based on the use of electrical conductivity of water, which, falling between the plates of the sensors, closes the base current circuit of the transistor VT1. In this case, relay K1 is activated and with its contacts K1.1 turns on or off (depending on position 82) the pump.
Fig. 1.28
As sensors F1, F2, you can use plates made of any metal that is not subject to corrosion in water. So, for example, you can use a used stainless razor (see Fig. 1.28). The distance between the sensor plates can be 5 ... 20 mm, and they are mounted on dielectric bases made of materials that do not retain water, such as plexiglass or fluoroplastic.
When the circuit is powered on by toggle switch S1, if there is no water in the tank, relay K1 will not work and its contacts K1.1 (normally closed) will provide power to the pump until the water reaches the level of the F1 sensor. In this case, the relay will work and turn off the pump with its contacts. The pump will turn on again only when the water level drops below the level of the sensor F2 (contacts K1.2 connect it to work when the relay is triggered). This is how the circuit works in the WATER RISE mode (the initial position of the toggle switch S2 is indicated on the diagram just for this mode). By switching the S2 toggle switch to the DRAINAGE position, the circuit can be used to automatically control the submersible pump when pumping water - turn it off when the water level drops below the F2 sensor position. In this case, the water intake of the pump should be located slightly below the sensor itself.
The scheme is not critical to the parts used. Any transformer is suitable, with a voltage in the secondary winding of 24 ... 30 V - it is associated with the operating voltage of the relay winding. The circuit uses: relay K1 type TKE52POD; capacitor C1 type K50-29 or similar. The LED can be anything, the KT827 transistor can be used with the letter A, B, C or KT829A, B, C.
It is more convenient to connect sensors F1, F2 to the circuit through a connector (it is not shown in the figure).
When properly assembled, the configuration circuit does not require.
Publication: cxem.net
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