Water level sensor. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Indicators, detectors
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A similar scheme for automatic water supply on CMOS chips is used in boiler systems of expensive coffee machines.
When the water drops below the contact groups, with a short delay of 1-2 seconds, the water supply to the boiler is resumed, then the boiler is heated through the thermostat. Electronic delay is set in the circuit to eliminate bounce in the relay and less wear on the pump.
A similar scheme can be applied at home, for example, to pump the water level into the system, a container. Thanks to the use of CMOS microcircuits, corrosion of the contact groups is excluded due to very low microcurrents and high input resistance. There is no need to invent circuits on transistors and op-amps, the 561TL1 microcircuit copes well with this task.
The assembled circuit works reliably and for a long time.
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| Random news from the Archive Furniture is being tested
17.10.2000
In Nuremberg (Germany), there is a special institute that tests the safety of all consumer goods that go on sale.
There are no data for Germany, but, for example, in the USA in 1997, 411 cases of home injuries related to beds and mattresses were recorded, 373 - to chairs, armchairs and sofas, and 222 - to desks, cabinets and shelves.
To prevent such troubles, in Nuremberg furniture is tested for durability. The chair, equipped with sensors, is fixed on a test bench and subjected to alternate pressure on the back and seat up to 300 times. The pressure force of the pneumatic piston on the seat is up to 140 kilograms, on the back - at least 35 kilograms. In real life, such a chair will have to experience several million such loads during its service life, and you must be sure that it will not let the owner down.
Before the advent of a special test bench, such chairs were tested at the city police department. They were put in the room on duty, where work goes on around the clock, people either sit down or get up.
In another laboratory, the resistance of furniture varnish is tested. One drop of twenty-seven household liquids is applied to the table cover: vinegar, ammonia, lemonade, insecticides, solutions of detergents and stain removers, wine, vodka, vegetable oil and much more. Two hours later, chemists evaluate the results.
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