Automatic control of the vibration pump. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
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The proposed device is intended for automatic control of vibration pumps "Baby", "Brook" and the like for operation in wells (wells) with low water flow or for periodic pumping of groundwater. The machine uses non-contact water level sensors installed directly on the pump's water-lifting hose, which allows it to be used in small diameter wells.
The vibration pump (Fig. 1) with a water-lifting hose is suspended on a metal cable in the well. The hose is equipped with high water level (VU) and low level (NU) sensors. The operation of the device is based on a change in conductivity between the common electrode, which is used as a metal cable for the suspension of the pump, and the electrodes of the sensors located in and out of the water.
Rice. 1. Placement of the vibration pump in the well: 1 - water in the well, 2 - vibration pump, 3 - low level sensor, 4 - high level sensor, 5 - water-lifting hose, 6, 7 - sensor lead wires, 8 - pump suspension cable - common electrode .
The state of the sensors is analyzed using a logical node on the DD1 chip (Fig. 2).
Rice. 2. Schematic diagram of XP2 automatic device (click to enlarge)
The cycle of operation of the machine proceeds as follows. When the sensors of the upper and lower levels are in the water, the conductivity between the cable and the electrodes of both sensors is large, and when the power is turned on with the SA1 toggle switch, logic 1 levels are set at the inputs R and C of the trigger, which leads to the appearance of the same level at its direct output, causing opening key on transistors VT1, VT2, and the inclusion of relay K1, which connects the pump to the network with contacts K1.3, K1.4.
When pumping water, the pump will turn off only when a logical 1 appears at the input R DD0, that is, when the water drops below the low level sensor. This state of the trigger is characterized by a zero logical value on its direct output, causing the transistor switch to close, turning off the relay and the pump.
After the pump is turned off, the water level in the well begins to rise, and when it reaches the lower level sensor, the value 1 appears at the input R of the trigger, which, however, does not turn on the pump, since there is a logic zero voltage at input C, and up to the upper sensor The water level hasn't risen yet. And only after the rise of water in the well to the upper level sensor, a logic 1 voltage will appear at the input C DD1, and a logic 1 will also be set at its direct output; the transistor switch, relay and pump will turn on: the process of pumping water is repeated.
Resistors R2, R3, R4, R8 are used to set the required logical values at the trigger inputs.
To prevent a short circuit between the cable and the rings, the first one is insulated with three layers of PVC tape in a section 30-40 mm long. The wires are brought out to the connector plug, the counterpart of which is installed on the block box; there is also a socket for connecting the plug of the electric pump. Wires and a cable are tied to a water-lifting hose.
When installing the device in a well with a metal casing, it is necessary to suspend the pump in such a way as to completely prevent the sensors from touching the pipe.
When installing without errors, you do not need to set up the device. For stable operation, there must be a voltage of 3-5 V at the inputs R and C of the trigger (the sensors are in the water). Depending on the resistance of the water layer between the sensors and the cable, the specified voltage is selected using resistor R2. The current through the sensors does not exceed 5-10 mA when the resistance of the water layer between the sensors and the cable is 1,5-2 kOhm.
Rice. 3. Printed circuit board with layout of elements
Rice. 4. Location of sensors on the hose: 1 - low level sensor, 2, 6, 7 - supply wires, 3 - water-lifting hose, 4 - pump suspension cable, 5 - upper level sensor, 8 - PVC tape
The assembled device is checked at home (on the table), having made a sensor mock-up for this purpose and using a suitable vessel with water, and instead of a pump, a table lamp is connected.
Authors: L.Romanov, V.Kireev
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