Simulator of unusual sounds. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Calls and audio simulators

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Unusual sounds and sound effects, obtained with the help of simple radio-electronic set-top boxes on CMOS chips, can capture the imagination of readers.

The circuit of one of these attachments, shown in Figure 1, was born in the course of various experiments with the popular K176LA7 (DD1) CMOS chip.

Rice. 1. Wiring diagram for "weird" sound effects.

This scheme implements a whole cascade of sound effects, especially from the animal world. Depending on the position of the variable resistor slider installed at the input of the circuit, you can get sounds that are almost real to the ear: "croaking frog", "nightingale trill", "meowing cat", "mooing bull" and many, many others. Even various human inarticulate combinations of sounds like drunken exclamations and others.

As you know, the nominal supply voltage of such a microcircuit is 9 V. However, in practice, in order to achieve special results, it is possible to deliberately lower the voltage to 4,5-5 V. In this case, the circuit remains operational. Instead of a microcircuit of the 176th series, in this embodiment it is quite appropriate to use its more widespread analogue of the K561 series (K564, K1564).

Oscillations on the sound emitter BA1 are fed from the output of the intermediate logic element of the circuit.

Consider the operation of the device in the "wrong" power mode - at a voltage of 5 V. As a power source, you can use batteries from cells (for example, three AAA cells connected in series) or a stabilized mains power supply with a filter-oxide capacitor installed at the output with a capacity of 500 uF with an operating voltage of at least 12 V.

On the elements DD1.1 and DD1.2, a pulse generator is assembled, triggered by a "high voltage level" at pin 1 of DD1.1. The pulse frequency of the audio frequency generator (AF), when using the specified RC elements, at the output of DD1.2 will be 2-2,5 kHz. The output signal of the first generator controls the frequency of the second (collected on the elements DD1.3 and DD1.4). However, if you "remove" the pulses from pin 11 of the DD1.4 element, there will be no effect. One of the terminal element inputs is controlled through resistor R5. Both generators work in close conjunction with each other, self-exciting and realizing the dependence on the voltage at the input in unpredictable bursts of pulses at the output.

From the output of the DD1.3 element, the pulses are fed to the simplest current amplifier on the transistor VT1 and, amplified many times, are reproduced by the BA1 piezoelectric emitter.

About details

As VT1, any low-power silicon transistor pnp conductivity, including KT361 with any letter index, is suitable. Instead of the BA1 emitter, you can use a TESLA telephone capsule or a domestic DEMSH-4M capsule with a winding resistance of 180-250 Ohm. If it is necessary to increase the sound volume, it is necessary to supplement the basic circuit with a power amplifier and use a dynamic head with a winding resistance of 8-50 ohms.

I advise you to apply all the values ​​\u20b\u5bof resistors and capacitors indicated in the diagram with deviations of no more than 10% for the first elements (resistors) and 0,25-0,125% for the second (capacitors). Resistors-type MLT XNUMX or XNUMX, capacitors-type MBM, KM and others, with a slight tolerance for the influence of ambient temperature on their capacitance.

Resistor R1 with a rating of 1 MΩ is variable, with a linear characteristic of resistance change.

If you need to focus on any one effect you like, for example, "geese cawing" - you should achieve this effect by very slow rotation of the engine, then turn off the power, remove the variable resistor from the circuit and, having measured its resistance, install a constant resistor of the same rating in the circuit.

With proper installation and serviceable parts, the device starts to work (make sounds) immediately.

In this version, the sound effects (frequency and interaction of the oscillators) depend on the supply voltage. When the supply voltage rises more than 5 V, in order to ensure the safety of the input of the first element DD1.1, it is necessary to connect a limiting resistor with a resistance of 1 - 50 kOhm to the conductor gap between the upper contact R80 according to the circuit and the positive pole of the power source.

The device in my house is used for playing with pets, dog training.

Figure 2 shows a diagram of a variable audio frequency (AF) oscillator.

Fig.2. The electrical circuit of the audio frequency generator

The AF generator is implemented on the logic elements of the K561LA7 microcircuit. On the first two elements, a low-frequency generator is assembled. It controls the oscillation frequency of the high-frequency generator on the elements DD1.3 and DD1.4. From this it turns out that the circuit operates at two frequencies alternately. By ear, mixed vibrations are perceived as a "trill".

The sound emitter is a piezoelectric primer ЗП-х (ЗП-2, ЗП-З, ЗП-18 or similar) or a high-resistance telephone capsule with a winding resistance of more than 1600 ohms.

The performance property of the K561 series CMOS microcircuit in a wide range of supply voltages is used in the sound circuit in Figure 3.

Fig.3. Electric circuit of self-oscillating generator.

Self-oscillating generator on a K561J1A7 chip (logical elements DD1.1 and DD1.2-fig.). Gets the supply voltage from the control circuit (Fig. 36), consisting of an RC-charging chain and a source follower on a field-effect transistor VT1.

When the SB1 button is pressed, the capacitor in the transistor gate circuit is rapidly charged and then slowly discharged. The source follower has a very high resistance and has almost no effect on the operation of the charging circuit. At the output VT1, the input voltage is "repeated" - and the current strength is sufficient to power the elements of the microcircuit.

At the output of the generator (the connection point with the sound emitter), oscillations with decreasing amplitude are formed until the supply voltage becomes less than the permissible one (+3 V for K561 series microcircuits). After that, the oscillations break down. The oscillation frequency is chosen to be approximately 800 Hz. It depends on and can be adjusted by capacitor C1. When applying the AF output signal to a sound emitter or amplifier, you can hear the sounds of "meowing a cat".

The circuit shown in Figure 4 allows you to play the sounds made by the cuckoo.

Rice. 4. The electrical circuit of the device with imitation of the "cuckoo".

When you press the S1 button, the capacitors C1 and C2 are quickly charged (C1 through the VD1 diode) to the supply voltage. The discharge time constant for C1 is about 1 s, for C2 - 2 s. The discharge voltage C1 on two inverters of the DD1 chip is converted into a rectangular pulse with a duration of about 1 s, which, through the resistor R4, modulates the generator frequency on the DD2 chip and one inverter of the DD1 chip. During the duration of the pulse, the frequency of the generator will be 400-500 Hz, in its absence - approximately 300 Hz.

The discharge voltage C2 is supplied to the input of the AND element (DD2) and allows the generator to operate for approximately 2 s. As a result, a two-frequency pulse is obtained at the output of the circuit.

Schemes are used in household devices to attract attention with non-standard sound indication to ongoing electronic processes.

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