The brightness of the lamp is optional. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Lighting
Comments on the article
Many have a simple approach to electric desktop lighting: they say, I’ll screw in a more powerful light bulb. And as a result - "causeless" deterioration of vision, the development of visual fatigue, a drop in working capacity, the appearance of signs of photophobia (photophobia). And we, the inexperienced, are unaware that in order to create the proper lighting comfort, a mass production of various lamps with variable brightness has long been established, among which wall lamps and floor lamps with built-in dimmers, in particular, occupy a worthy place.
True, the lighting comfort provided by the market is not cheap. But health is more expensive for everyone, and this is - firstly! Secondly, it is not necessary to buy everything ready-made. After all, it is possible to show prudence by supplying existing lighting devices with self-made electronic controllers, assembled, for example, according to the circuit diagram shown in Fig. 1 with a minimum number of radio components.
Fig.1. Schematic diagram of a homemade device for adjusting the brightness of a lamp
The EL1 incandescent lamp is connected here to a household 220-volt network through a VS1 triac, the mode of which is determined in this technical solution by the value of the total electrical resistance of the resistors: variable R1 (main) and constant R2 (safety). The minimum 1,5 kOhm, characteristic of the situation when the "variable" is brought "to zero", creates conditions under which the current through the triac connected in series and the filament of the lamp is maximum (Fig. 2a). Accordingly, the maximum brightness of the glow EL1.
With the rotation of the rotor of the variable (main) resistor, the aforementioned total electrical resistance increases, and the mode of operation of the triac changes so that as the numerical value of R1 increases (safety R2 remains unchanged), the time for passing current through VD1 begins to shorten, which means that through the filament EL1 ( Fig. 2b, 2c). As a result, the brightness of the lamp is reduced.
Fig. 2. The shape of the current flowing through the sevenstor causing the glow of the filament of an incandescent lamp, with "zero" (a), slightly introduced (b) and the maximum possible (c) turn of the brightness control knob - the slider of the variable resistor R1
A lot of publications are devoted to a more detailed presentation of the work of triacs, and it is hardly advisable to dwell on this now. And of the other features of the technical solution under consideration, it is not out of place, apparently, to note the presence in it of a simple, but very useful (from the point of view of the operators) electrical circuit: a neon lamp HL1 with an additional 150-kiloohm resistor. This is a kind of mini-night light that helps, when a lamp is not yet lit (whether it be a wall lamp, a floor lamp or even a chandelier with adjustable incandescent lamps), to quickly and accurately find a switch on the wall. Yes, and the wallpaper remains invariably clean around the button with a "neon", glowing orange in the dark!
As emphasized earlier, few parts are required for the proposed home-made device, they are all compact, easily built into any lighting fixture, so no printed circuit boards are required. Mounting - hinged, well known, probably, to everyone from the school physics course.
The electric lighting dimmer can be placed without any problems in the junction box of the switch, with the output on its cover (front panel) of the handle of the variable resistor R1, combined with the SA1 switch, and the neon eye. No tuning operations for a properly assembled device are required.
Literature
- Voronin V. "Neonka" in the switch. "Model designer", 1978, No. 11.
- Long eyelid in E. It is possible - brightly, it is possible - weakly (dimmer of a table lamp). "Model designer", 1994, No. 1.
- 3lobin V. The triac regulates the load. "Model designer", 2000, No. 8.
- Mikhalitsyn V. Regulator with a trick. "Model designer", 2000, No. 3.
- Pashchenko S. When the lamp shines dimly. "Model designer", 1979, No. 2.
- Reference book on lighting engineering. Ed. Yu.B.Aizenberg. 2nd ed., revised. and additional - M.: Energoatomizdat, 1995.
Author: K.Vashchenko
See other articles Section Lighting.
Read and write useful comments on this article.
<< Back
Latest news of science and technology, new electronics:
Machine for thinning flowers in gardens
02.05.2024
In modern agriculture, technological progress is developing aimed at increasing the efficiency of plant care processes. The innovative Florix flower thinning machine was presented in Italy, designed to optimize the harvesting stage. This tool is equipped with mobile arms, allowing it to be easily adapted to the needs of the garden. The operator can adjust the speed of the thin wires by controlling them from the tractor cab using a joystick. This approach significantly increases the efficiency of the flower thinning process, providing the possibility of individual adjustment to the specific conditions of the garden, as well as the variety and type of fruit grown in it. After testing the Florix machine for two years on various types of fruit, the results were very encouraging. Farmers such as Filiberto Montanari, who has used a Florix machine for several years, have reported a significant reduction in the time and labor required to thin flowers.
... >>
Advanced Infrared Microscope
02.05.2024
Microscopes play an important role in scientific research, allowing scientists to delve into structures and processes invisible to the eye. However, various microscopy methods have their limitations, and among them was the limitation of resolution when using the infrared range. But the latest achievements of Japanese researchers from the University of Tokyo open up new prospects for studying the microworld. Scientists from the University of Tokyo have unveiled a new microscope that will revolutionize the capabilities of infrared microscopy. This advanced instrument allows you to see the internal structures of living bacteria with amazing clarity on the nanometer scale. Typically, mid-infrared microscopes are limited by low resolution, but the latest development from Japanese researchers overcomes these limitations. According to scientists, the developed microscope allows creating images with a resolution of up to 120 nanometers, which is 30 times higher than the resolution of traditional microscopes. ... >>
Air trap for insects
01.05.2024
Agriculture is one of the key sectors of the economy, and pest control is an integral part of this process. A team of scientists from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Potato Research Institute (ICAR-CPRI), Shimla, has come up with an innovative solution to this problem - a wind-powered insect air trap. This device addresses the shortcomings of traditional pest control methods by providing real-time insect population data. The trap is powered entirely by wind energy, making it an environmentally friendly solution that requires no power. Its unique design allows monitoring of both harmful and beneficial insects, providing a complete overview of the population in any agricultural area. “By assessing target pests at the right time, we can take necessary measures to control both pests and diseases,” says Kapil ... >>
| Random news from the Archive Tree rings told about the reason for the victories of Genghis Khan
14.12.2020
Dendrochronology is a field of science that was born just over a century ago. It became a hobby for astronomer Andrew Douglas of the University of Arizona.
He became interested in tree rings because they could tell a lot about past solar cycles and how they affected the Earth's climate. Douglas began to collect a base of tree rings growing from the middle of the 15th century. He then began to investigate an even more ancient source of data - wooden beams from the ruins of Puebloan in the southwestern United States. This is how dendrochronology appeared.
Researcher Valerie Truet believes that the tree rings recorded other important moments in human history. The unusually rainy years from 1211 to 1225 may have allowed the grass to cover the steppes of Central Asia, which became fodder for Genghis Khan's horses and the key to conquering the world of the Mongol Empire.
The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in 1986 left its mark on the oddly aligned rings of surviving pine trees. The patterns on the $20 million Antonio Stradivari violin speak not only of the age of the violin itself, but also of the geographical origin of the wood from which it is made.
Tree ring data spanning over a thousand years has helped scientists reconstruct the planet's climate history.
Truet loves trees, but reassures them that he does not hug them when he comes to the forest and does not believe that trees are sentient. She seeks to uncover the secrets hidden inside the trees: "The tree is magnificent," writes Valerie. "And solving the map of the rings is like solving a puzzle. It's addictive." Valerie Trouet has described her love for trees and the secrets of dendrochronology in her new book Tree Story.
|
Other interesting news:
▪ telephone microscope
▪ Translator for the language of touch
▪ Headphones Xiaomi Buds 4 Pro
▪ ADS8688 - multi-channel SAR ADC for measuring bipolar signal
▪ artificial photosynthesis
News feed of science and technology, new electronics
Interesting materials of the Free Technical Library:
▪ section of the site Home workshop. Article selection
▪ article General biology. Crib
▪ article Which writers and musicians cut the texts into pieces and shuffled them? Detailed answer
▪ article Hall Administrator (Maitre d'). Job description
▪ article Security alarm system on KR1850BE35. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
▪ article Mysterious handkerchief. Focus Secret
Leave your comment on this article:
All languages of this page
Home page | Library | Articles | Website map | Site Reviews
www.diagram.com.ua
2000-2024
Arabic
Bengali
Chinese
English
French
German
Hebrew
Hindi
Italian
Japanese
Korean
Malay
Polish
Portuguese
Spanish
Turkish
Ukrainian
Vietnamese