How to extend the life of a light bulb? Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Lighting

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If you are tired of constantly changing burnt out lamps, use one of the tips below. But in all cases, success is achieved by a significant reduction in stress. In the daytime and especially at night, the voltage in the network often reaches 230-240 V, which leads to accelerated burnout of the filaments of electric lamps. It has been calculated that an excess voltage of only 4% compared to the nominal voltage (that is, from 220 to 228 V) reduces the life of electric lamps by 40%, and with an increased "power" of 6%, this period is reduced by more than half.

At the same time, reducing the voltage on the lamps by only 8% (up to 200-202 V) increases the "experience" of their work by 3,5 times; at 195 V it increases almost 5 times.

Of course, with a decrease in voltage, the brightness of the glow also decreases, but in many cases, in particular in office premises and in public places, this circumstance is not so important.

How to reduce the voltage on electric lamps? There are two simplest ways. The first - turn on two lamps in series (Fig. 1).

Rice. 1. Scheme of serial connection of electric lamps

And what kind of lamp to take as an additional one? It can be the same as the main one. But then both lamps will shine weakly. It is best to choose a pair so that the power of the lamps differs by 1,5-2 times, for example, 40 and 75 W, 60 and 100 W, etc. Then the lower power lamp will glow brightly enough, and the more powerful one will be weaker, acting as a kind of ballast that extinguishes excess voltage (Fig. 2).

Rice. 2. Installing an additional lamp

At first glance, there is no gain - after all, you have to use two lamps at once instead of one. But here is what the simplest calculation shows. The voltage drop across the lamps when connected in series is distributed inversely with their power. Therefore, at a mains voltage of 220 V (let's take a pair of 40 and 75 W lamps), the voltage on a 40-watt lamp will be about 145 V, and on its 75-watt "partner" - a little more than 75 V. Since the durability depends on the magnitude of the voltage , it is clear that you will have to change mainly a lamp of lower power. And that, as practice shows, in the worst case, it serves for at least a year. Under normal conditions, from 5 to 8 lamps have to be changed during the same time (meaning daily work for 12 hours). As you can see, the savings are quite tangible.

Rice. 3. Diode switching circuit

Another way is to connect a lamp and a semiconductor diode in series. Due to its small size, it can be installed in the switch housing between the terminal and one of the supply wires. With this option, there is a barely noticeable flicker of the lamps (due to half-wave AC rectification), and the average voltage across them is about 155 V.

Now about the choice of the type of diode. It must have a certain allowable current margin and be designed for a voltage of at least 400 V. Of the miniature diodes, the KD105 and KD209 series meet this requirement. However, diodes of the KD105 brand should be used with lamps whose power does not exceed 40 W, and KD209 diodes (with any letter index) - to work together with 75-watt lighting fixtures. Of course, you can use more powerful diodes of other types, but then they will have to be installed outside the switch. Properly selected diode lasts almost unlimited time.

But what if your house has a general switch for the entire entrance? In this case, one high power diode is installed. It is mounted on a metal corner, screwed to the wall next to the switch with screws and covered with a casing with ventilation holes.

Recommended types of diodes: KD202M, N, R or S, KD203, D232-D234, D246-D248 with any letter index.

When choosing the type of diode, remember that its maximum allowable operating current (indicated in the passport of the semiconductor device) must be 20-25% higher than the total current consumed simultaneously by all the lamps related to this switch. Say, if the diode allows a current of 5 A, then the total current of all the bulbs (it is easy to calculate by dividing the total power of all the lamps by the mains voltage of 220 V) should not exceed 4 A.

And the last. When connecting an additional lamp or diode, be aware that you are dealing with high voltage, which is dangerous to your life. Therefore, be sure to de-energize the line, and only then get to work.

Author: Yu.Rozekberg

See other articles Section Lighting.

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