Rainbow in the lamp. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Clocks, timers, relays, load switches

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Psychologists have long established that a person’s well-being and emotional state during work or rest are actively influenced by the color of surrounding objects, walls, and floors. For example, greenish tones calm, and, conversely, red tones tone and excite. This means that by changing the color background of the environment, the interior, you can influence the psychological state of a person, his well-being. But the coloring of the interior and objects is a fairly constant, static property; To change the color scheme of a room, you will have to re-stick the wallpaper, repaint the furniture, change the upholstery...

However, there is a way to reconcile the desired with the actual, you just need to turn to the help... of light. I would like to offer a description of a simple device that allows you to receive a beam of any color and saturation - and thereby change the color design of the room at any time in accordance with the task or mood. The proposed scheme is quite universal and allows it to be used both in a ceiling lamp and in a table lamp, floor lamp, or special light source.

The principle of operation is based on partial blocking of the light flux of ordinary white color, transmitted through a linear raster, by one or more light filters. The method seems to be quite well-known, widely used, for example, for theatrical effects. In fact, there are significant differences: the use of a raster and the possibility of incomplete or mixed beam overlap.

The design itself, of course, can vary in design: the design of the body, auxiliary elements, methods of connection and fastening. Therefore, let’s focus on the main thing: making a raster and filters.

Rice. 1. Homemade raster lamp

A linear raster must have evenly expressed grooves - protrusions and depressions that form a wavy line in an orthogonal section. If you install it in a converging beam of rays, then each protrusion and depression will, as it were, form a miniature cylindrical lens, scattering the light passing through it evenly over the entire plane. If such a raster is partially overlapped with a plate or film filter, the light flux will be uniformly colored, and the saturation will be proportional to the area of ​​overlap. In this case, one mandatory condition must be met: the overlap boundary is parallel to the raster lines.

Rice. 2. Schematic diagram of a raster lamp: 1 - body, 2 - lamp. 3, 4 - lenses, 3 - filter holder slides. 6 - filters, 7 - raster, 8 - lamp socket 9 - spherical reflector

Rice. 3. Scheme of dispersion and coloring of the light flux: 1 - raster plate, 2 - filter plate, 3 - illuminated surface.

If differently colored filters are pushed in from opposite sides, the resulting ray will receive a color depending on the color of each filter and the ratio of the areas of the raster areas overlapped by them. For example, with the same simultaneous introduction of red and green filters, we obtain the corresponding blue saturation. Using plates of the primary colors of the spectrum (red, blue and yellow) or so-called additive ones, the mixing of which gives any of the others, and pushing them in lara, we can give the beam all the colors of the rainbow.

Now let’s talk about how to make this “palette” for light. Let's start with the raster. To obtain it, you need to make a matrix. Take any rigid plate of suitable dimensions and wind a wire with a diameter of 0,5 to 1,5 mm onto it - tightly, turn to turn. This will be a matrix. The raster itself is applied to a sheet of colorless plexiglass, which is first softened over an electric or gas stove (do not forget to cover the burners with a sheet of tin). As soon as it becomes plastic, place it on the matrix and, covering the plexiglass with a flat, rigid plate (for example, chipboard), compress the “sandwich” with a force of 70 - 8 kg. We get a uniform wavy surface.

Such a plate can be used as a raster plate in any lamp. We present a schematic diagram of it, which will allow you to assemble the option you need or upgrade your existing projector or illuminator by making an appropriate tube attachment for it.

Rice. 4. Obtaining a raster: 1 - rigid plate, 2 - wire. 3 - heated plexiglass, 4 - stove, 5 - weight.

Rice. 5. Making a light filter: 1 - glass plates. 2 - a drop of paste, 3 - adhesive tape. 4 - load.

The housing (see figure) contains: a spherical reflector (you can use household foil), a lamp in a socket (regular lighting, minion, cinema), two flat-convex lenses (say, an enlarger condexor), a raster plate; Outside, at the light output, we attach tin runners - a holder for filters. The runners can also be moved in front of the raster: the effect of coloring and color distribution is preserved.

About my version, to check the functionality of the Scheme, I used a ready-made block of lenses from the overhead projector "Etude". To do this, it was only necessary to separate it from the body. The unit is convenient in that it does not require fiddling with filter holders - you can insert them into the transparencies supply frame. Having bent the petal-limiter on the guide, we take out the frame and (as an option) instead of it we push in a package of raster and filters. As a housing for the block assembly, I used a large tin can (from green peas from the Globus company), taking care of ventilation.

Any colored glass or colored plexiglass plates are suitable for filters, which, by the way, can be painted well with diluted ballpoint pen paste. The same paste will help you make a filter from a glass plate (for example, a washed photographic plate). As soon as the drop on one of them is covered with a second plate and left under the load for several hours, the paste will spread into a thin film, like a colored gasket. All that remains is to edge the resulting filter with a strip of adhesive tape.

Author: V.Gavrilov

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