Desktop hydroelectric power station. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Alternative energy sources
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This model consists of a jet radial-axial hydraulic turbine and an alternator. The external view of the hydraulic turbine is shown in fig. 1.
Rice. 1-3
Assemble the setup on a tripod 1. The water intake chamber of the turbine is a three-liter glass jar 2 with the bottom cut off. Make the turbine rotor in the form of a truncated cone 3 from tinplate. It is mounted on a metal spoke - the axis of rotation 4. Solder curvilinear tin blades to the cone, playing the role of tubes through which water should flow, while changing the direction of flow by 90 °. This is necessary for the emergence of a reactive force according to Newton's third law. Paint the blades with bright oil paint.
To make guide vanes 5, cut out two rings from organic glass. The outer diameter of the first is equal to the inner diameter of the glass jar. The diameter of the second should be 2-3 cm less.
The guide vane device is shown in fig. 2. Make the guide vanes of the apparatus from wood and paint. Their shape should be similar to the wing of an airplane. Place the finished blades between the organic glass rings, attaching each with one bolt so that the blades can rotate freely.
Arranging them first along the tangents to the circles of the rings, and then along the radii, find out that in the first case the amount of water passing between them will be the smallest, and in the second case - the largest.
To make the stator of an alternator, take an iron ring 7 with a diameter of 15 cm (Fig. 3). Fix iron pole pieces 2 in the form of plates on the ring. Put on two coils 3 of 500 turns of PEL wire 0,1 each on the pole pieces. Inside the iron ring there should be a wooden circle 4, on which four short straight magnets are fixed so that a four-pole rotor is obtained. On fig. 3 shows what an alternator looks like when viewed from above.
Fasten the finished generator stator using rod 5 in a tripod above the water intake chamber. Place a wooden circle with magnets on the axis of the hydraulic turbine rotor. Connect a demonstration galvanometer to the generator coils, which must be connected in series, so that the emfs arising in them add up.
If water is poured into the water intake chamber through a rubber hose, the hydroturbine rotor and the generator rotor begin to rotate, and the galvanometer needle oscillates, indicating the occurrence of alternating current in the generator coils.
Author: G. Zherekhov
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