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BIG ENCYCLOPEDIA FOR CHILDREN AND ADULTS
Why are there seasons? Detailed answer
Directory / Big encyclopedia. Questions for quiz and self-education Did you know? Why there are seasons? Since ancient times, people have wondered about the change of seasons. Why is it warm in summer and cold in winter? Why are the nights long in winter? We know that the Earth rotates around the Sun, and at the same time it rotates around its own axis. As it revolves around the sun, it still spins like a top. If the Earth's axis (an imaginary line from the North Pole to the South Pole) were at right angles to the Earth's orbit around the Sun, we would have no seasons and all days would be the same. But the Earth's axis is tilted. The fact is that various forces act on the Earth. Firstly, this is the attraction of the Sun, secondly, the attraction of the Moon, and thirdly, the rotation of the Earth itself. As a result, the Earth revolves around the Sun in an oblique position. This position is maintained all year round, so the Earth's axis is always directed to one point - to the North Star. This means that part of the year the North Pole is turned towards the Sun, and the second part is hidden from it. Because of this inclination, the direct rays of the Sun sometimes illuminate the area of the Earth's surface north of the equator, sometimes on the equator, sometimes south of the equator. This is a different effect of direct sunlight on parts of the earth's surface and causes the change of seasons in different parts of the globe. When the Northern Hemisphere is turned towards the Sun, in countries north of the equator it is summer, and to the south it is winter. When the direct rays of the Sun fall on the Southern Hemisphere, summer comes here, and winter in the Northern Hemisphere. The longest and shortest days of the year are called the winter and summer solstices. All over the world in every year there are two days when the day is equal to the night. This happens in spring and autumn, exactly between the solstice days. In autumn, this happens around September 23 - this is the autumn equinox, in the spring around March 21 - the vernal equinox. Author: Likum A.
Who was Confucius? Many people know jokes that began with the words: "Confucius said ..." This obviously meant that he said a lot of wise thoughts. Confucius, who lived in China around the 2400th century BC. e., was one of the greatest spiritual teachers in the world. Confucius studied ancient Chinese manuscripts, from which he drew ideas that seemed to him important in the development of an exalted personality. Later, he preached these ideas to all sections of society - from emperors to students, to everyone who came for advice. And the principles that he laid down 22 years ago are still considered perfect. His Chinese name is Kung Futse. At the age of 3, XNUMX years after his marriage, Confucius began to teach people how to live happily. His main principle for achieving happiness: "Do not do for others what you would not want them to do for yourself" - can be called more than a golden rule. Confucius was in the service of many rulers, whom he wanted to be interested in the norms of moral management, which would be based on love, justice, respect, wisdom and sincerity. One of his main teachings - respect for parents - was of great importance in China. It teaches us to honor our parents not only during their lifetime, but also when they die. This form of ancestor worship originated in a concept that China has demonstrated for a long time - turning to the past instead of recklessly moving forward. Confucius did not consider himself a god. He, in fact, did not write anything about the supreme being, the other world. He believed that a person is naturally kind, has common sense and should preserve kindness, living in harmony with other people. Within 5 centuries after the death of Confucius, his teachings became the state philosophy. But with the advent of Buddhism, Confucianism was practically forgotten for a while. Later it was revived, and even today the teachings of Confucius influence the lives of millions of people.
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