Stepper motor control device. Scheme, description

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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RADIO ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Stepper motor control device. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Electric motors

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Stepper motors are indispensable in the design of precise positioning devices. Many of these motors have two multi-pole windings shifted relative to each other on the stator, each of them with an average output. The latter are usually connected to the plus of the power source, and the rest of the conclusions in a certain sequence - to the minus.

When current flows through one half of the winding, its other half is de-energized. The device, the circuit of which is shown in the figure, controls a stepper motor, causing its rotor to rotate in one direction or the other. Each of the generator pulses on the elements of the DD1 chip turns the rotor one step. The frequency of the pulses (and steps) is changed by a variable resistor R3. The desired sequence of voltage levels applied to the motor windings is generated by a two-digit ring counter on D-flip-flops DD3.1 and DD3.2. With the help of two XOR elements (DD2.2 and DD2.3), if necessary, the counter feedback signals are inverted, thus changing the direction of counting and rotation of the rotor of the motor M1, depending on the position of the SA1 switch. Elements DD2.1 and DD2.4 - buffer.

Stepper Motor Control Device

The motor windings are directly switched by open-collector transistor switches that are part of the DD4 microcircuit (only four of the seven available switches were used). All outputs of the microcircuit are equipped with internal protective diodes, the common cathode of which is terminal 9. Thus, each half-winding is shunted by a diode that eliminates switching voltage surges.

The power of the M1 electric motor is limited by the maximum current through one key - 300 mA and the total power dissipated by the DD4 chip is 2 W at an ambient temperature of 25 ° C. The K1109KT23 chip can be replaced with an imported one - ULN2004A.

The input circuits of the keys of the K1109KT23 microcircuit are also designed for direct connection to the outputs of microcircuits of the CMOS structure. Therefore, DD1-DD3 microcircuits can be replaced with functional analogs from the K561 series: K155LAZ on K561LA7, K155LP5 on K561LP2, K155TM2 on K561TM2, taking into account the differences in the assignment of their conclusions, reducing the capacitance of capacitor C500 by 1 times and increasing the resistance of resistors R2 and R3 by the same amount . After such a replacement, the device can be powered from a single 12 V source. The microcircuit power circuits should be shunted with capacitors.

Author: A.Lozovoy, Kazan

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