Switch of LED garlands. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering
Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Lighting
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Devices for automatically switching garlands can be divided into three categories: the simplest on logic microcircuits, using RPZU and on microcontrollers (MK) An unlimited number of effects is available only to machines based on ROM or MK, but to put such devices into action, a radio amateur must have a computer and a programmer . Machines belonging to the first of the mentioned categories do not require programming, but, as a rule, implement a small number of lighting effects.
When developing this device, the task was to achieve the maximum number of lighting effects using a minimum of elements. As a result, it was possible to create an automatic machine on only four chips of the K555 series, switching four LED garlands. Implemented such lighting effects as "running lights" from one, two or three garlands in one direction and in the other, turning the garlands on and off in turn in the same order, and some others. Each of the effects is repeated several times, after which it moves on to the next one. At the same time, the whole cycle lasts long enough and does not tire the viewer with monotony.
The scheme of the device is shown in fig. 1. Its basis is a four-bit shift register with parallel loading K555IR16 (DD4). The register control unit consists of a binary counter K555IE7 (DD2) and logic elements DD1.3 and DD3.1. The effect of "running lights" is achieved in one direction due to the usual code shift in the register, in the opposite direction - by parallel writing its output signals into the register with a shift by one bit.
(click to enlarge)
The master oscillator of the automaton is assembled on the elements DD1.1 and DD1.2. The frequency of the generated pulses is 3...4 Hz. It can be changed by selecting the values of the resistor R1 and capacitor C1. Garlands are controlled by keys on transistors VT1-VT4. In addition to those indicated on the KTZ102A circuit, almost any transistors of the npn structure of low or medium power can be installed here.
The printed circuit board and the layout of the elements of the garland switch on it are shown in fig. 2. Wire jumpers located under the microcircuits must be installed before the latter are mounted on the board. All microcircuits can be replaced by their functional counterparts from the K155 or KR1533 series.
Each garland is made up of four series-connected LEDs of an arbitrary glow color. If you need garlands of a larger number of LEDs, you will have to increase their supply voltage (+12 V) at the rate of 2 ... 3 V for each additional LED and select the values \u6b\u9bof resistors R1 - R4. The voltage should not exceed the allowable for transistors VT220 - VTXNUMX. If desired, instead of LED, you can use garlands of incandescent lamps and power them from a XNUMX V network, but this will require keys on thyristors or triacs and, preferably, with galvanic isolation of control circuits from power ones. Schemes of such keys have been repeatedly published in amateur radio literature.
Author: Yu.Kuznetsov, Staraya Russa, Novgorod region.
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