Stabilizer and guard for vibration pump. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

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A significant drawback of the widely used submersible vibration water pump "Kid" is a sharp dependence of its performance on the supply voltage. Dangerous for him and work "dry" - the current consumption increases significantly and the pump fails. The author of the published article managed to find a solution to these problems.

In many rural and suburban power supply networks, the voltage is very different from the nominal 220 V, usually downward. And the practice of operating the "Malysh" pump shows that at a voltage of less than 190 V, the rise of water from the well is no longer possible. There is a way to increase and stabilize the performance of the pump. To do this, it is necessary to maintain the same current consumed by it, regardless of the supply voltage.

The equivalent circuit of the pump can be represented as series-connected inductance Lн and active resistance Rн. Both quantities, as shown in the graphs of Fig. 1, non-linearly dependent on voltage, amounting to Rn=17,5 Ohm, Ln=0,18 H (inductive reactance at a frequency of 50 Hz - 56,1 Ohm) at a voltage of 220 V. Rated current of the pump ln=3,75 A.

It is possible to increase the current in the pump circuit to the rated one at a reduced voltage by compensating part of the inductive resistance with capacitive ones. To do this, it is enough to connect capacitor C1 in series with the pump, as shown in Fig. 2.

Its reactance Xc1 should be equal to:

and the capacity

where U is the voltage in the network.

Calculations show that when the mains voltage fluctuates within 190 ... 240 V, the capacitance of the capacitor C1 should be changed from 30,1 to 27,9 microfarads. Doing this manually is very inconvenient, and an unexpected increase in voltage can lead to pump failure. Therefore, it makes sense to use the considered method only with a reduced, but unchanged mains voltage. The capacitor must be designed for a voltage of at least 500 V and shunted with a resistor of 100 ... 200 kOhm. It is unacceptable to use oxide capacitors.

It is possible to maintain the pump current constant during voltage fluctuations by connecting an inductor L1 with a steel magnetic circuit in parallel with the capacitor C1, as shown in Fig. 3.

Since the currents flowing through the capacitor and inductor are antiphase, their difference flows through the pump:

IN = IC-IL

Due to the saturation of the magnetic circuit, the reactance of the inductor depends on the applied voltage. The total resistance of the loop L1C1 also changes, remaining capacitive and maintaining the pump current approximately equal to the rated current.

For the best stabilization, the capacitance of the capacitor C1 should be chosen 10 ... 15% more than that calculated according to the above formulas for the minimum voltage U, and the parameters of the inductor L1 should be selected experimentally. The author used a set of metal-film capacitors with a total capacity of 33,3 microfarads for a voltage of 600 V. Choke - 1500 turns of PEV-2 0,8 wire on a ShLM magnetic circuit 25x25 mm. On fig. 4 shows the dependence on the mains voltage consumed by the "Kid" pump with a stabilizer according to the scheme of fig. 3 and without it.

In some situations, the current consumed by the vibration pump may exceed the allowable value even with a stabilizer. This happens, for example, when there is no more water left in the tank from where it is pumped out, and the pump continues to run "dry". If you miss this moment, the failure of the pump is inevitable.

The device, the scheme of which is shown in Fig. 5, will serve as a kind of watchman, disconnecting the pump from the network when the permissible current is exceeded.

With a corresponding adjustment of the response threshold, you can not monitor the rest of the water. When it finishes, the pump will turn off automatically. This function is especially important when pumping water from low-yielding wells and reservoirs.

"Storozh" is made on the basis of the integrated timer KR1006VI1 and works as follows. In series with the load (pump with or without a stabilizer), an electronic key on optothyristors U1 and U2 and the primary winding of the current transformer T2 are connected, the secondary winding of which is loaded with resistor R4. The voltage of the secondary winding, proportional to the load current, rectifies the diode VD2 and smoothes the capacitor C4. Through the resistive divider R1R2, part of it goes to pin 6 of DA2 - a direct input of one of the comparators available in the microcircuit. An exemplary voltage is supplied to its inverse input, which is set by series-connected resistors R6 and R8. The power supply of the DA2 chip is made according to the standard scheme on the elements T1, VD1, C1, C2 and DA1.

When the device is connected to the network, the R3C3 circuit generates a pulse that sets the internal trigger of the DA2 chip to a state in which output 3 is log. 1. Transistor VT1 is open, current flows through the LEDs of the photothyristors U1 and U2, the electronic key connects the load to the network. The HL2 LED is lit.

If the load current increases to a value at which the voltage at pin 6 of DA2 exceeds the exemplary one, the comparator inside the microcircuit will work, and the trigger will change state. Transistor VT1 and the electronic key will be closed, de-energizing the load. The HL2 LED will go out, and HL1 will start to glow. You can turn on the load again by pressing the SB1 button, which will reset the trigger of the DA2 chip to its original state.

The current transformer T2 is made from any power transformer with a power of 10 ... 20 W. All existing secondary windings of the transformer are removed, and instead of them, one new one is wound with a stranded insulated mounting wire with a cross section of at least 1 mm2, with a number of turns 400 ... 600 times less than in the network. The new winding becomes primary (it is connected in series to the load circuit), in the former network - secondary. The operation of a current transformer without a load resistor R4 is not allowed.

When establishing a "watchman" instead of the "Kid" pump, it is advisable to use another load, for example, an electric stove with adjustable power burners. In the adjusted device, the voltage at pin 5 of the DA2 chip should slightly exceed the voltage at its pin 6 at the rated current of the load (pump). The input resistance of measuring devices connected to the DA2 terminals must be at least 100 kOhm.

To make sure that the adjustment is correct, the pump is immersed in water to a shallow depth, turned on and waiting for it to be above the water level. Automatic shutdown of the pump should occur after 1...5 s.

Calculation of the stabilizer for a vibration pump

Author: B.Porohnyaviy, Krasnoyarsk

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