Electric hedgehog. Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering

Encyclopedia of radio electronics and electrical engineering / Security devices and object signaling

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The device is designed for active protection of the metal door of an apartment or a safe and can be used in conjunction with other security devices as an additional one, activated in case of an alarm. It can also be useful in agriculture to create an electric fence for the garden from animals (for this, it is enough to install stakes with two bare wires stretched around the perimeter).

Rice. 3.16. Wiring diagram "Hedgehog"

The device circuit (Fig. 3.16) consists of a self-oscillator based on a transistor VT1 and a transformer T1, from the high-voltage winding of which, after rectification on the diodes VD3 ... VD5, a voltage of 1000 ... 1200 V is removed. This allows you to get a shock when you touch any of the high-voltage terminals current, the strength of which will depend on the total capacitance of capacitors C5 and C6 (the energy of the stored charge on the capacitance:

Where

Uc is the voltage on the capacitor in volts, C is the total capacitance in farads), and their value is chosen so that this blow does not pose a danger to life, but I didn’t want to receive it a second time.

For the manufacture of an electric "Hedgehog", it will be necessary to wind the T1 transformer on a dielectric frame inserted into the BZO armor core (see Fig. 3.17) made of M2000NM1 (M1500NM1) ferrite. The transformer contains in the winding 1 - 9 turns, 2 - 10 turns of PELSHO-0,18 wire, in winding 3 - 1800 turns of PEL-0,1 wire. Its manufacture requires accuracy, and when winding the 3rd winding, it is necessary to lay capacitor dielectric paper every 400 turns (it can be obtained from a high-voltage capacitor), and impregnate the layers with capacitor or transformer oil. After winding the coil, insert it into the ferrite cups and glue it (after making sure that it works). Places of conclusions of the coil are filled in with heated paraffin.

Rice. 3.17. Components of the design of the armor coil

When assembling the circuit, it is necessary to observe the polarity of the phases of the transformer windings indicated on the diagram.

The topology of the printed circuit board and the location of the elements on it (except for the fuse) are shown in fig. 3.18. The transformer is attached to the board with glue.

The circuit is powered by a battery or any source with a voltage of 10 ... 15 V.

With the correct inclusion of the phases of the windings T1, the circuit starts working immediately. The setting consists in selecting the capacitor C2 - according to the maximum output voltage at the terminals X4 and X2, as well as selecting the mode of operation of the oscillator with resistor RXNUMX to obtain the minimum current consumption during stable self-excitation (starting the oscillator at the time of power-up).

Typically, the current consumed by the circuit does not exceed 50 mA. In order to increase the efficiency of the device, it can be supplemented with a timer (Fig. 3.19) connected between the power source and the circuit. The timer allows, when voltage is applied to the circuit, to turn on the "Hedgehog" for 5 ... 15 seconds (the time depends on the value of the capacitor C10 and resistor R5), after which it de-energizes it until the power is turned on again.

Rice. 3.18. PCB topology and element layout

Rice. 3.19. Timer wiring diagram

The circuits used capacitors C1, C7, C10 type K53-4; C2, C3, C4, C8, C9 - K73-9 for 100 V; C5, C6 - K42U-2 or K73-16V for 1600 V.

Publication: cxem.net

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